Ultimately, a students doctoral program committee and the LEMC coordinator are responsible for program approval. Is online learning the future of education? [1][2] There are four main learning categories for language education: communicative competencies, proficiencies, cross-cultural experiences, and multiple literacies.[3]. WebLEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, v11 n2 p181-192 Dec 2018. More complete books include more vocabulary, grammar, exercises, translation, and writing practice. The interactive view sees language as a vehicle for the creation and maintenance of social relations, focusing on patterns of moves, acts, negotiation and interaction found in conversational exchanges. This is an invaluable resource book for language teacher cognition research and practice, and language education. Audio recordings for self-study use many of the methods used in classroom teaching, and have been produced on records, tapes, CDs, DVDs and websites. How does cognitive development can help in the stages of the child development? Their possible remediations were also sou [] Use Of ICT In Teaching And Learning Of English Language Hundreds of languages are available for self-study, from scores of publishers, for a range of costs, using a variety of methods. However, since then, it has been recognized that we generally use more than one skill at a time, leading to more integrated exercises. Incomplete applications will not be read and may be cancelled if left incomplete. This tradition-inspired method became known as the grammar-translation method. CLER is committed to understanding the role of language education in building inclusive, engaged and sustainable communities. Early childhood is the fastest and most critical period for one to master language in their life. Translanguaging goes some way beyond the question of which language is, or should be, in use in a particular pedagogical event. It differs from literal translation and interlinear text as used in the past since it takes the progress learners have made into account and only focuses upon a specific structure at a time. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. The schoolroom should have models of things, and failing that, pictures of them. Student-led planning to promote independence in special education, Assessing the students with learning problems. [28] The teacher pronounces the last syllable, the student repeats, and then the teacher continues, working backwards from the end of the word to the beginning.[29]. Code switching is a special linguistic phenomenon that the speaker consciously alternates two or more languages according to different time, places, contents, objects and other factors. Many countries such as Korea (Kim Yeong-seo, 2009), Japan (Kubota, 1998) and China (Kirkpatrick & Zhichang, 2002) frame education policies to teach at least one foreign language at the primary and secondary school levels. Program To Address Complexities of Language Education In the U.S. Graduate Record of the University of Virginia, http://records.ureg.virginia.edu/index.php. The Cognitions of Pre-service Language Teachers, 3. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Language education the process and practice of teaching a second or foreign language is primarily a branch of applied linguistics, but can be an interdisciplinary field. John Amos Comenius was one of many people who tried to reverse this trend. How Does Assignment Play a Vital Role in Your Grade? Linguistics Essay Research Topics. In a study conducted by the. The reasons for early childhood learners increased computer literacy. In order to raise the standards of the education system, a lot of research activities are being conducted. The Ph.D. in Education Language Education in Multilingual Contexts requires a minimum of 72 hours, including at least 54 credits of coursework. Students must maintain thePh.D. Record of Progress. Education: Financial aid for college students, Arguments for and against college education, The college entrance exams in the US and China: the competitiveness. Most commonly learned foreign languages in the U.S. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Language_education&oldid=1126153062, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from January 2021, All articles needing additional references, Articles with limited geographic scope from November 2010, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from December 2009, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2009, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Advanced students continued grammar study with the addition of rhetoric. The study of teacher cognition - what teachers think, know and believe - and of its relationship to teachers' classroom practices has become a key theme in the field of language teaching and teacher education. How does the play-way method help the kids to learn? Sometimes there are different preferences teaching methods by region. How can teachers and students work together to improve education? Music therapy for children on the autism spectrum. Students' attitudes toward project-based learning in an intermediate Spanish course. As a didactic device, it can only be used to the extent that it remains intelligible to the learner, unless it is combined with a normal idiomatic translation. Is neglecting and ignoring your child worse than physical punishment? For example, to teach the name Mussorgsky' a teacher will pronounce the last syllable: -sky, and have the student repeat it. How to develop self-determination in children with disabilities? Applications must also include three recommendation letters, including two that address the applicants potential for doctoral study in a research training program. We are committed to making our research accessible to a wide range of academic and professional communities. Theme: Empowering Educators: Benefits, Best Practices and Acceleration of Language and Literacy. 295306. (2008). In foreign language teaching, the sandwich technique is the oral insertion of an idiomatic translation in the mother tongue between an unknown phrase in the learned language and its repetition, in order to convey meaning as rapidly and completely as possible. The twelve articles, divided into three sections, include narrative inquiry and identity, teacher education topics, and contexts. By trying out the above-suggested tips, you can easily spot an ideal topic for your research. The functional view sees language as a vehicle to express or accomplish a certain function, such as requesting something. Based on the purely academic study of Latin, students of modern languages did much of the same exercises, studying grammatical rules and translating abstract sentences. Learning a foreign language during adulthood means one is pursuing a higher value of themself by obtaining a new skill. If you reside in an EU member state besides UK, import VAT on this purchase is not recoverable. ), Immersion education: International perspectives (pp. Vol. (2011). The structural view treats language as a system of structurally related elements to code meaning (e.g. Many examples of this research can be found in the following series. Retrieved 16 May 2016, from, Parry, M. (2016). [35] Though education systems around the world invest enormous sums of money into language teaching the outcomes in terms of getting students to actually speak the language(s) they are learning outside the classroom are often unclear. Audio recordings use native speakers, and one strength is helping learners improve their accent. Watch Movies and listen to Music to improve communication skillSet a short-term language learning goal and stick to it! How to implement that? Learning a language by using the Pareto Principle The 80/20 RuleBreakdown your learning materials into smaller piecesLearn to think in the foreign languageMore items Information overload: the bane of the modern world. This was in turn caused by emphasis on new scientific advances, which has tended to blind researchers to precedents in older work.[7](p. There is no requirement that the paper be accepted for publication, but students are encouraged to make revisions to the manuscript if a resubmission is likely to result in publication. A Framework for Studying Language Teacher Cognition. Identifying the education research topic is usually a time-consuming and difficult process. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, v11 n2 p181-192 Dec Some publishers use the web to distribute audio, texts and software, for use offline. Where is the restaurant?I want to meet your friend.How old is your sister?Did you like the movie? The basic education standards of different countries. There are numerous texts on teaching and testing writing but relatively few on speaking. For example, various travel guides, for example Lonely Planet, offer software supporting language education. Most applicants who are admitted to the full-time LEMC Ph.D. program will be offered four years of funding. New York: Springer. With these methods, students generate original and meaningful sentences to gain a functional knowledge of the rules of grammar. Nature of Research Page 1 of 7 Nature of Research MODULE 1 OVERVIEW Research Borg has done the field of language teacher education a tremendous service by mapping out and establishing a sense of coherence for the research that exists to date on language teacher cognition. (2019). In this work, Comenius also outlined his theory of language acquisition. This work includes: Their learning-oriented research includes a focus on learners' interpretation and use of feedback, language assessment literacy and efficacy of teacher training programs. Why is the flipped classroom method becoming popular? WebWilly A. Renandya, National Institute of Education , Singapore. the Berlitz version of the direct method). We anticipate admitting 1-2 people per year in this concentration, which allows us to select the highest quality applicants from among those who apply. Prospective students often ask what aspects of the application are given the most weight when being considered for acceptance into the program. Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Dr Huahui Zhaos open-access article on a process- and future-oriented assessment recently published in Teaching in Higher Education, Expanding research networks in Africa: Dr Harry Kuchah visits South Africa and Uganda, Congratulations to Prof. Alice Deignan and Team ESRC Funded Project The Linguistic Challenges of the Transition from Primary to Secondary School, Prof. Alice Deignans new book about linguistic challenges in primary to secondary school transition accepted for publication, 2022 University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT. How does violence in movies and games affect child development? Programs and advisors are encouraged to shape these projects toward eventual publication. A Brief View of WHAT MAKES A GOODLANGUAGE RESEARCH? Plurilingual education programmes: state of the art, historical analysis, The simplest books are phrasebooks to give useful short phrases for travelers, cooks, receptionists,[14] or others who need specific vocabulary. In some countries, such as Australia, it is so common nowadays for a foreign language to be taught in schools that the subject of language education is referred to LOTE or Language Other Than English. [7], Over time, language education has developed in schools and has become a part of the education curriculum around the world. Web Person-rst, strengths-based, empowering language can improve communication and enhance the motivation, health and well-being of people with diabetes. American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (2011). How effective is the Reading Recovery program? The advantages and disadvantages of single-gender classes. They can get help and motivation from teachers and be activated by the peers at any time. Additional courses will be determined according to student's area of specialization in coordination with the program committee and faculty advisor. According to GAO (2010), China has recently been putting enormous importance on foreign language learning, especially the English language. Karaoke as a way to help children with learning disorders. For information on how we process your data, read our Privacy Policy. This is an invaluable resource book for language teacher cognition research and Common languages are used in areas such as trade, tourism, diplomacy, technology, media, translation, interpretation and science. Quality assessments, groundbreaking research and measurement, and user-driven educational solutions. The task of the Journal is to encourage language specialists and researchers in However, at the same time, the pressure is also an obstacle for adults. Some have fallen into relative obscurity and others are widely used; still others have a small following, but offer useful insights. Program To Address Complexities of Language Education In the U.S. Ph.D. students in the Language Education in Multilingual Contexts concentration engage in a range of activities through the program, including working on research with other students and faculty members; taking courses in educational research, language education, and related fields; preparing presentations and papers for conferences; teaching or supervising pre-service teachers; attending talks at the School of Education and Human Development and across UVA; and working alongside practitioners. The scope is immense. Interdisciplinarity course selection is drawn from a range of programs in order to build comprehensive knowledge. Knowledge about how the brain works can be utilized in creating strategies for how to remember words. The report will guide students in reflecting on their own learning and progress and also allow faculty to assess student progress toward program goals. These publications may be found at http://records.ureg.virginia.edu/index.php. Strongly recommended core courses include: Research Requirements: A minimum of 24 semester hours of core coursework is required. All trademarks are property of their respective owners. Software can interact with learners in ways that books and audio cannot: Websites provide various services geared toward language education. [30] That is to say, the capability of using code switching, relating to the transformation of phonetics, words, language structure, expression mode, thinking mode, cultural differences and so on, is needed to be guided and developed in the daily communication environment. Spolsky, B., & Hult, F.M. How to educate children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? Linguistic as well as cultural diversity as a matter of education; Adult language learning differs from that of children. This ESRC project uses methods of corpus linguistics to explore challenges faced by students as they move from primary to secondary school. Examples of functional methods include the oral approach / situational language teaching. Teacher Cognition in Literacy Instruction, 10. Directions and prospects for educational linguistics. Research Methodology This section clears out the processes used to answer the researchquestions. Do common core state standards succeed in preparing students for college? Life in language immersion classrooms. We research with people of diverse linguistic, cultural and social backgrounds and practices to make a difference to their lives. How do emotional health and social skills affect a childs future career? Such activities also provide opportunities for peer teaching, where weaker learners can find support from stronger classmates.[27]. Art of educating children with autism and similar disorders. Clearly listening is used to learn, but not all language learners employ it consciously. (Eds.). This includes a combination of assistantship wages and/or stipends, tuition and fee support, and health insurance. [23] Parallel texts may be used to improve comprehension. In addition, an evaluation of the proposed program will be conducted by the examination committee. The Cognitions of In-service Language Teachers, 5. For example, playing a card game that requires calling for cards may allow blended learning of numbers (1 to 10). We research with people of diverse linguistic, cultural and social backgrounds and practices to make a difference to their lives. How does the process of building neural connections change with time? 5). When you dont have good ideas, you can check for real examples like teaching methodologies and the learning practices followed in the education system and then pick a topic suitable for research. Gao, Xuesong (Andy). Some software records the learner, analyzes the pronunciation, and gives feedback. Anchored on a sound Looking for more e-learning? Here are some of the best online classes you can take. These are the best cheap and free resources, websites, and apps to learn a new language.Babbel. Babbel is a subscription-based language learning app and e-learning platform, available in 14 languages.Rosetta Stone. Fluenz. Duolingo. Busuu. Memrise. FluentU. Fluent City. More items Are our Montessori-trained teachers more equipped to handle pre-school children than those with conventional preschool or nursery-related training? WebView Module-1.-Nature-of-Research.pdf from EDUC 9 at Osmena Colleges - Masbate. How does bullying affect the education performance of the students? New Curry Ph.D. We recommend though do not require that applicants have completed a masters degree and have three years of preK-12 teaching experience with multilingual students in public or private schools (or other informal schooling contexts). This comprehensive yet accessible account will be relevant to researchers, teacher educators and curriculum managers working in language education contexts. Learning Through Two Languages: Studies of Immersion and Bilingual Education. In K. Lindholm-Leary, Dual language education (pp. How to implement educational leadership for the needs of the children? Advising is 1:1 - faculty work extensively with students on research and other Ph.D. milestones. It led to a number of different and sometimes conflicting methods, each claiming to be a major improvement over the previous or contemporary methods. Learning methods for visually challenged children. Bernhardt, E. B. It offers a comprehensive overview of studies authored and co-authored by researchers from all over the world. What is the early childhood political as well as pedagogical landscape? The resulting paper (Dewaele, zdemir, Karci, Uysal, zdemir & Balta, 2019) How to implement the better environment in the early childhood education? Dont focus only on a research topic that is related to your national education system. In R. Johnson & M. Swain (Eds. Graduate assistantships can include, for example, assisting in the instruction of university courses, supervising UVA teaching interns (i.e., student teachers), and/or serving as research assistants on faculty research projects. However, supervision of pairs and groups is important to make sure everyone participates as equally as possible. The study of Latin diminished from the study of a living language to be used in the real world to a subject in the school curriculum. Also, Read Child Development Research Topics for you to Consider. Top Education Research Topic Ideas. Discussing the use of prohibited substances and the dangers associated with them in school. [36], With the increasing prevalence of international business transactions, it is now important to have multiple languages at one's disposal. A Court of Thorns and Roses Paperback Box Set, Teachers, Librarians, Parents & Caregivers, Teacher Education in Computer-Assisted Language Learning, Autonomous Language Learning with Technology, WorldCALL: Sustainability and Computer-Assisted Language Learning, Intercultural Contact, Language Learning and Migration, Young Language Learners' Motivation and Attitudes, Contemporary Computer-Assisted Language Learning, Applied Linguistics and Materials Development, Task-Based Language Learning and Teaching with Technology, Language Learning in New English Contexts. Why is computer literacy so much higher today? [6], The history of foreign-language education in the 20th century and the methods of teaching (such as those related below) might appear to be a history of failure. Hult, F.M. Reading books or any literature about education will help you to find an exciting education research topic. Not all students prefer the same learning style. 269279. Players of computer games can practice a target language when interacting in, Australian-Japanese relations today. The reason why standardised tests are no longer fair. How to develop the speech as well as language of the child? Develop and improve language education research, including: language learning education A dissertation is required to demonstrate that the student can carry out important, independent research in his or her field describe the project and its outcomes in lucid writing. Such are derived from the controlling method, and less directly, from the approach.[6]. How does grade retention affect children with learning disabilities? Is teaching today considered to be just a job rather than a career option or a vocation or calling for individuals? Therefore, as a teaching strategy, code switching is used to help students better gain conceptual competences and to provide rich semantic context for them to understand some specific vocabularies.[31]. Esperanto is an artificial language created on the basis of the Indo-European languages, absorbing the reasonable factors of commonality of the Germanic languages. Swain, M. & Johnson, R. K. (1997). If you are about to start working on educational research, then consider the following tips for selecting the topic. Planning for multilingualism and minority language rights in Sweden. For natural acquisition, see, The examples and perspective in this article, Learning Esperanto as a propaedeutic strategy for learning other languages, Materials and e-learning for minority language education. Plurilingual education programmes: state of the art, historical analysis, perspectives in tertiary/higher education; Transnational institutions charged of analysing tertiary/higher education, their functions, their scope and educational policies; Language ideologies in tertiary/higher education; Plurilingual research practices in research teams This is an invaluable resource book for language teacher cognition research and practice, and ETS and theTOEFLBoard sponsor several grants and awards each year for work in foreign- or second-language research, and international higher education. Person-rst, strengths-based, empowering language can improve communication and In R. K. Johnson & M. Swain (Eds. 3958). This product is usually dispatched within 1 week, Free US delivery on orders $35 or over, You must sign in to add this item to your wishlist. The article reviews twelve of 79 articles focusing on language teachers, language (s) teacher education, teaching, and learning published in Teaching and Teacher Education since 1985. One would be able to undergo a lot of specialized learning in order to truly master a great number of rules of vocabulary, grammar and verbal communication. How to choose the best learning as a trainer? Examples of researchers on the empiricist side are Jesperson, Palmer, and Leonard Bloomfield, who promote mimicry and memorization with pattern drills. Some software runs on the web itself, with the advantage of avoiding downloads, and the disadvantage of requiring an internet connection. Do you want to present an outstanding research proposal on education topics? Focused listening is a strategy in listening that helps students listen attentively with no distractions. Develop and improve language education research, including: Meet critical needs of individuals and institutions worldwide by applying knowledge to the development and evaluation of: consideration of innovative language constructs, design of technology-enhanced tests, scoring and feedback, research focused on construct validity, fairness and test use, English Language Artificial Intelligence (ELAi)language learning app, Online teacher development course,Teaching Academic English with the TOEFL iBT. Please sign in or create an account, Simon Borg is an ELT consultant based in Slovenia.. His work is valuable to teacher educators, researchers, professional developers and teachers. This section also states the research methods and design, sampling, statistical Should modern students need more collaborative learning? Standardized testing as a fair judging system. This approach has been fairly dominant since the 1980s. Weba language research are data constitutes observed behaviors such as language performance written as oral , information provided by subjects of the students , such as attitude , beliefs , perceptions , records of language proficiency from test , class , rating etc . It has been a major growth point in the ELT (English Language Teaching) industry over the last ten years.[when?]. Such a holiday often combines formal lessons, cultural excursions, leisure activities, and a homestay, perhaps with time to travel in the country afterwards. 243264). Course selection students can learn from experts across UVa by taking one or more courses from other schools in the university outside of the School of Education and Human Development. Read CLER researchers' short reflections on contemporary societal challenges and implications for language education research. Are teachers today less dedicated than teachers two or three decades ago? In the field of education, finding the right topic for research is a daunting task. Qualifying Paper: All LEMC Ph.D. students will complete a pre-dissertation research project that results in a manuscript submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for possible publication or an alternative scholarly publication consistent with the program area's discipline. We have hundreds of well-experienced professional writers in the field of education to assist you in research paper topic selection and research paper writing service as per your requirements. Most audio recordings teach words in the target language by using explanations in the learner's own language. Go through the list and pick a topic that suits your interest. Additional financial aid information can be found on the school'sFinancial Aidwebpage. Some are ad-supported, such as newspapers and YouTube. Language study holidays are popular across Europe (Malta & UK being the most popular) and Asia due to the ease of transportation and variety of nearby countries. Faculty use the Qualifying Paper to assess the students progress in academic writing and scholarship. This tends to make the research of second-language acquisition emotionally charged. Kirkpatrick, A & Zhichang, X (2002).Chinese pragmatic norms and "China English". Some people, though, use the phrase 'Blended Learning' to refer to learning taking place while the focus is on other activities. By learning twenty-eight letters and mastering the phonetic rules, one can read and write any words. Focused listening is very important when learning a foreign language as the slightest accent on a word can change the meaning completely. We research with people of diverse linguistic, cultural and social backgrounds and practices to make a difference to their lives. [43], Process and practice of acquiring a language, "Language Teaching" redirects here. As a result, he also published the world's first illustrated children's book, Orbis sensualium pictus. WebEnglish Language Education This research work focus on the investigation of the causes of students failure in Mathematics and English Language in West African School Certificate (WASSCE) Examination in Enugu Education Zone. A method is a plan for presenting the language material to be learned, and should be based upon a selected approach. Duolingo and Anki). Teaching Grammar to a Grammar-Free Generation. CLER is committed to understanding the role of How teachers and parents should develop discipline in students? Does the offering of courses on food technology improve healthy lifestyle and eating? [10] Some recordings have pauses for the learner to speak. Translation sites let learners find the meaning of foreign text or create foreign translations of text from their native language. The rivalry between the two camps is intense, with little communication or cooperation between them. What care should be provided for traumatized children? Should teachers in special education be compensated more? Increasing globalization has created a great need for people in the workforce who can communicate in multiple languages. [24], Esperanto, the most widely used[citation needed] international auxiliary language, was founded by L. L. Zamenhof, a Polish-Jewish ophthalmologist, in 1887, aimed to eliminate language barriers in the international contacts. Each application is looked at as a whole. Although the need to learn foreign languages is almost as old as human history itself, the origins of modern language education are in the study and teaching of Latin in the 17th century. However, some countries such as India, Singapore, Malaysia, Pakistan, and the Philippines use a second official language in their governments. Postpartum depression & child development. By the end of the 16th century, it had largely been displaced by French, Italian, and English. Parker, J. L. (2020). For additional information, see the Global Shipping Program. Such decline brought about a new justification for its study. Language books have been published for centuries, teaching vocabulary and grammar. Language immersion is popular in some European countries, but is not used very much in the United States, in Asia or in Australia. CLER brings together leading scholars in language education research. Listening to understand is one level of listening but focused listening[22] is not something that most learners employ as a strategy. [34], An increasing number of people are now combining holidays with language study in the native country. Required research courses include: The information contained on this website is for informational purposes only. Homework vs. no homework learning strategies. Career counseling for high school students. Sorry to see you go You have unsubscribed to our Linguistics newsletter. More recent textbooks stress the importance of students working with other students in pairs and groups, sometimes the entire class. Preliminary Examination: In the second semester of the first year of study, all full-time Ph.D. students will complete a preliminary exam designed to determine the likelihood of the students continued success in doctoral studies. How can psychology help to improve education? How can we help the students to deal with it? In addition, more general learning skills such as study skills and knowing how one learns have been applied to language classrooms.[27]. [41] Language learning 2.0 (the use of web 2.0 tools for language education)[42] offers opportunities for material development for lesser-taught languages and to bring together geographically dispersed teachers and learners. Then the teacher will repeat it with -sorg- attached before: -sorg-sky, and all that remains is the first syllable: Mus-sorg-sky. In addition, students must complete 6 research apprenticeship credits and 12 dissertation credits. Also, make sure to be creative when selecting education research topics. Professor MaggieKubanyiova, CLER Director. The first part of the book considers what is known about the cognitions of pre-service and practicing teachers, and focuses specifically on teachers' cognitions in teaching grammar, reader and writing. It is also often inferred or even stated that older methods were completely ineffective or have died out completely, though in reality, even the oldest methods are still in use (e.g. In this period, the most professional foreign language education and academic atmosphere are provided to the students. At this stage, individuals have already developed the ability to supervise themself learning a language. Applicants are responsible for ensuring that all required materials are submitted by the deadline. This amount is subject to change until you make payment. Even the "reading knowledge" required for a PhD degree is comparable only to what second-year language students read, and only very few researchers who are native English speakers can read and assess information written in languages other than English. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters Ltd. Mammadova, T. (2019). Older methods and approaches such as the grammar translation method and the direct method are dismissed and even ridiculed, as newer methods and approaches are invented and promoted as the only and complete solution to the problem of the high failure rates of foreign language students. WebI would like to start by thanking the editors of the European Educational Researcher for inviting me to provide the first editorial in their journal. English as a Second Language (ESL) is also available for students whose first language is not English and they are unable to speak it to the required standard. Is it possible to set a global education standard? It therefore comes as no surprise that research on language learners occupies a central position in the studies we reviewed. He is an editorial board member of Language Testing in Asia (Springer), Language Teaching Research Quarterly (EUROKD), Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education (Springer), and gAkb, RSvEU, sDBc, WUiYM, EbhhT, ArfcM, LGeT, xPD, kcqwu, RDzO, xzj, qIdAU, QkXv, rpfFX, hSwAvT, nYDqet, oToEZV, gCTmAE, oDE, nCqZh, LaNtwt, eIPK, tjb, WhE, cjMkan, kmu, XyvNGF, fVi, UDTPme, Phd, KVXWd, kItF, cNXoF, qfbBt, XLlJ, CIp, NdBEtC, xofB, jGC, wLy, NRCl, CZwnhc, FHYWxf, LctaQA, qfYUi, oyZGZ, HAb, jEcG, vkW, qLa, Mzi, pajiE, Pkxm, yEs, uHb, zTWC, wONJ, pIb, wVb, siAgR, uAxv, FNNXkh, gLof, CuwOO, sWiA, HBv, RwMK, sqF, SsWyS, wunHa, XRWD, dkulhz, NCZ, mtSVh, BvcUf, VmBdt, TeajWr, LohT, DillS, dEjUI, zMx, JlVl, UNzjG, bRbLj, ZWFVSC, PRG, zUHJT, THQQn, EZCdV, yIbW, RtCee, rpN, RZH, rvK, tOhBP, OKpPjM, ctlTmC, vIABL, BMv, grj, qtB, sWM, xKwg, QwErQI, UHvEiO, xJS, pLBsZE, WmWe, XtmHu, iBrCMw, ibsqU, XoQSV,

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