View spiritual assessment tools.doc from NUR 264 at University of Texas. A spiritual history assists doctors to have a more complete understanding of their patients. (Medicare didnt launch until 1965.). F - Faith and Belief To top Do you consider yourself spiritual or religious?" or "Do you have spiritual beliefs that help you cope with stress?" The FICA was used to assess all patients, and items examining characteristics of spirituality were included in the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy QOL instruments. With a mean age of 57 years, the sample (n=76) represented a varied range of religious backgrounds. 2010;40(2):163-173. There are just a few standardized instruments for researching spiritual history. In order to assist health care providers in dealing with spiritual concerns in their patients, the FICA Spiritual History Tool was devised. What gives your life meaning? Puchalski and numerous colleagues in combination with years of study and fieldwork to create the FICA Spiritual History Assessment Tool, which is based on their findings. The majority of individuals regard themselves to be spiritual. FICA is a legal framework which exists to help identify the proceeds of unlawful activities and to combat activities related to money laundering, terrorist funding and tax evasion. Many people think that spirituality and religion are the same thing, and so they bring their beliefs and prejudices about religion to discussions about spirituality. Finally, in his assessment of Social Justice and Social Work: Rediscovering a Core Value of the Profession, McMillin takes a look at the larger picture of social work. I was. Special-purpose Integrated Remote Intelligence Terminal. spiritual/religious story (medium expertise & time required) Can be completed by MD, RN, or other healthcare professional Common history tools include: FICA, HOPE, & SPIRIT * Spiritual screens, histories, and assessments were first defined and differentiated from each other in 2004 by Massey, Fitchett, & Roberts. Religions, volume 6, number 2, pages 476-498. FICA spiritual history assessment tool FICA spiritual history assessment tool An instrument to help health care providers learn the extent of a patient's spirituality and how it affect the patient's perceptions of his or her health. Do you consider yourself spiritual or religious? The Spiritual Well Being Scale (SWBS) (Paloutzian & Ellison, 1982) is a 20 item scale that measures an individuals well-being and overall life satisfaction on two dimensions: (1) religious well-being, and (2) existential well-being. Training in Interprofessional Spiritual Care for Geriatric Care Providers is available. Our FICA cards, which are 2 x 4 in size, provide a simplified version of the FICA Spiritual History Tool in a compact pocket format. (TOP 5 Tips), Spiritual Assessment and Counsel Holistic Diagnostic Testing J. The FACT Spiritual Assessment Tool is a hybrid tool (three parts spiritual history and one part assessment), which is designed for an acute care setting (it is short and easy, FICA refers to the combined taxes withheld for Social Security and Medicare (FICA stands for the Federal Insurance Contributions Act). Faith, Importance/Influence Fast Fact #19 presents one approach to taking a spiritual history. Taxes under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) are composed of the old-age, survivors, and disability insurance taxes, also known as social security taxes, and the hospital insurance tax, also known as Medicare taxes. In other words, its a way of life that originates from a persons inner domain, and it may come from either a secular or religious perspective. What importance does your faith or belief have in our life? Spiritual Assessment Methods to identify a patients spiritual suffering and spiritual needs related to medical care. What does a doctor mean when he or she talks about spiritual health? Are you part of a spiritual or religious community? Journal of Palliative Medicine, Volume 22, Number 10, page 1236. The FICA tool serves as a guide for conversations in the clinical setting. Is there a group of people you really love or who are important to you? Communities such as churches, temples, and mosques, or a group of like-minded friends can serve as strong support systems for some patients. It is crucial to our psychological well-being to have a spiritual connection since it may us direction and energy. Social Security & Medicare taxes also known as FICA taxes. This article has been cited by the following publications. Spiritual histories are taken as part of the regular history during an annual exam or new patient visit, but can also be taken as part of follow- up visits, as appropriate. In a middle-income nation, there are both challenges and opportunity for spiritual care practice in hospices. Some physicians appeared to be waiting for the right moment to put spirituality to the forefront of their practices. How Does a Spiritual Assessment Improve Healthcare? A spiritual examination can assist in identifying spiritual or emotional issues that are interfering with ones mental and physical health. 0-10 scale). Which question would be appropriate for the F in the FICA spiritual assessment tool? Family doctors are the first line of defense in medical treatment, and they become acquainted with their patients as a result of repeated visits. GWish Spiritual Assessment in Clinical Practice Course, We are teaching FICA to all 140 medical students next year by making spiritual care a clinical site. They consist of open questions; this enables the assessment of specific aspects of the patients beliefs and promotes inclusion. C:CommunityA:Address. The Spiritual Distress Assessment Tool (SDAT) is a 5-item instrument developed to assess unmet spiritual needs in hospitalized elderly patients and to determine the presence of spiritual distress. Spiritual Assessment For this assignment I was ask to develop a spiritual assessment tool, interview a patient using this tool, summarize my findings, analyze my results, identify areas of improvement and describe the spiritual experience that this spiritual assessment offered to better meet the needs of my patient. The National Quality Forum is based in Washington, DC. 2 As a result, a spiritual examination can assist in identifying aspects of ones life that may be beneficial in the recovery process. a) FICA FICA is a spiritual historical tool that was created by Dr. Christine Puchalski together with Daniel Sulmasy, Joan Teno and Dale Mathews in 1996 with the view of providing means . It is necessary for clinicians to utilize and evaluate the FICA Spiritual Assessment Tool in their typical practice settings on a more frequent basis. That you have inquired is usually seen as a sign ofrespect. How would you like me toaddress these issues in your health care? How might these things apply toyour current situation? How can we assist you inyour spiritual care? Patients andfamilies often feel better simply because they have been given permission toshare their beliefs. [ . As your healthcare practitioner, how would you like me to approach these concerns in your care? Though all religions emphasise spiritualism as being part of faith, you can be spiritual without being religious or a member of an organised religion. The National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care includes spiritual care as one of the eight clinical practice domains that make up the projects framework. Increasingly popular in the field of social work, restorative justice is becoming increasingly popular in schools and juvenile detention facilities. Whole Health: Change the Conversation Website H stands for hope, O stands for the patient's organized religion. Examples of Questions for the HOPE Approach H: Sources of hope, meaning, comfort, strength, peace, love. The HOPE Assessment Tool for Spiritual Assessment can help identify personal sources of hope and meaning, as well as spirituality and practices. What do you think is true? PreviousNext. H:Hope, strength, comfort, and how patients cope with tough times are all important considerations. Spiritual beliefs may or may not be religious in nature, yet the majority of religious people are spiritual in nature. At the end of ones life, spirituality is important. to Spiritual Assessment We have been discussing your support systems. Patients rely on their religious beliefs to help them cope with their diseases, according to research, and they want their physicians to inquire about their spiritual problems as well. The spirituality of other healthcare professionals, particularly psychiatrists, psychologists, and addiction treatment experts, provides opportunity for spirituality to be incorporated into more effective and successful therapies. For those who consider spirituality to be a significant part of their lives, J. C: Do you consider yourself to be a member of a spiritual or religious community? A surprisingly high portion (93%) of the respondents said they wanted at least one visit from a chaplain, with two-thirds of those respondents expecting a visit without having to request one. We are very excited about it!, How To Deal With Clingy Friends Spirituality? The FICA spiritual assessment tool is the best because it allows . For further details, consult the reference. Grand Canyon University. FACIT-sp was designed to measure important aspects of spirituality, such as a sense of meaning in one's life, harmony . Spiritual distress is a disruption in a persons belief or value system. It is important to be aware of any religious or spiritual beliefs or rituals a person may have during their palliative care and after death. Whether the nurse is unclear about the patients spiritual belief or the patient has a spiritual belief unfamiliar to the nurse, acronym models such as FICA provide the basis for an organized, open and non-biased assessment. How To Teach Spirituality To Adults? Methods: The framework of the FICA tool includes Faith or belief, Importance of spirituality, individuals spiritual Community, and interventions to Address spiritual needs. Healthcare professionals are encouraged not to use the FICA tool as a checklist, but rather to rely on it as a guide to aid and open the discussion to spiritual issues. FICA doesnt apply to all types of pay. Evaluation of the FICA Tool for Spiritual Assessment. What Is the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA)? When Sleep Issues Prevent You from Achieving Greatness, Taking Tests in a Heat Wave is Not So Hot. The Four FACTs Tool is specifically designed. J Pain Symptom Manage. Cancer Pain Relief Committee of the United States of America, 2010. Lets examine these signposts to see how they can help you measure your personal spiritual growth. Some examples of questions to ask would include the following: Do you consider yourself a spiritual person? Journal of Palliative Medicine, volume 3, number 1, pages 129-137. The FICA tool is based on four domains of spiritual assessment: the presence of Faith, belief, or meaning; the Importance of spirituality on an individuals life and the influence that belief system or values has on the persons health care decision making; the individuals spiritual Community; and interventions to. According to a poll done in the year 2000, the following percentages of North Americans were found: 1. f wondering, what is there in your life that gives you internal American Family Physician January 1, 2001/volume 63, Number 1. It appears that the FICA measure is a feasible instrument for clinical assessment of spirituality, based on the findings. Or, What things do you believe in that give meaning to your life? I might say something along the lines of This world continues to be a mystery to me, and I am still trying to figure it out. People who have trust in God believe that God is crucial in providing the strength they need to face the problems of daily life. Most of these assessment tools involve asking the patient questions about their personal spirituality and rituals, faith and beliefs, resources and expectations. Dr. Pulchalski has emphasized that doing it often takes only a few minutes and may provide a plethora of information, according to him. Journal of Palliative Medicine. Secondly, O stands for organized religion. The FICA tool serves as a guide for conversations in the clinical setting. 11, No. 91% said they believed in God or a Universal Spirit, 83% reported that God is highly important in their lives, 79% of Americans said they believed spiritual faith can help people recover from disease, 63% felt that doctors should ask their patients about spiritual beliefs. Thus, the tool is meant to create an environment of trust by indicating to the patient that the physician or other healthcare professional is open to listening to the patient about his or her spiritual issues, if the patient wants to talk about those issues. If spirituality is important to you in your life and work (as it is to me personally), thats great let your spirituality shine through in the quality of care you provide and the quality of your teaching. Five spiritual history tools (CSI-MEMO, FICA, HOPE, FAITH and SPIRIT) are presented as examples of this genre. Following a spiritual investigation, such dialogues are frequently more logical and productive. Three spiritual assessment tools are discussed: HOPE questions, FICA spiritual assessment tool, and the four FACTs spiritual assessment tool. Assume that spirituality is a potentially essential component of each patients physical and emotional well-being, Spirituality should be addressed at the time of each comprehensive physical checkup, and it should be addressed again at follow-up appointments if necessary. The quantitative and qualitative scores and comments from the FICA were shown to be highly linked with items from the QOL instruments that assessed characteristics of spirituality. To get more insight into spiritual concerns, correlations between qualitative data from the FICA and quantitative data from the quality of life (QOL) survey were also investigated. Yanli Hu, Ren Van Leeuwen, Ren Van Li, Fan Li, and Yanli Leeuwen, Ren Van Li, 2019. It was shown that items from the Quality of Life (QOL) measures examining characteristics of spirituality were highly linked with quantitative and qualitative scores from FICA. In preliminary data from one hospital and one location, it was discovered that the FICA was therapeutically beneficial. accessibility may be parts of other assessments but not FICA. Flowers. Spiritual discomfort, such as a lack of spiritual well-being or difficulties with religion, may be connected with poorer health outcomes, as has been demonstrated in studies of strong spirituality to aid in the healing of illness and improvement of health. The quantitative and qualitative scores and comments from the FICA were highly linked with questions from the QOL instruments that assessed characteristics of spirituality. View FICA Spiritual self assessment tool.docx from NUR1120C 2012 at Palm Beach Atlantic University. The HOPE assessment tool uses the acronym to remember all elements of the assessment. Finally, she discusses the implications of this research for a faith-inspired praxis of love in modern social work in the final section of this publication. Morgenweck, Cynthiane J., and Cynthiane J. Morgenweck. It was decided to employ content analysis to gather themes from the FICA open-ended questions, as well as descriptive data from the single item questionnaire. It consists of two types of taxes: Social Security and Medicare. FICA is a U.S. federal payroll tax. E: Effects on medical care and end-of-life issues. It is a mandatory payroll deduction. Howimportantis this?Howis it important? The mean score of 8.40 indicated that spirituality was important to patients, and the data confirmed that the FICA was effective for assessing several dimensions of spirituality based on correlation with spirituality indicators in the Quality of Life (QOL) Tool Spiritual Domain (QOL Tool- Spiritual Domain) (Borneman, et al., 2010). C - Community connections: "Are you part of a spiritual or religious community? and connection. . F is for questions of faith. Your email address will not be published. used to help identify spiritual issues patients face, spiritual distress, and patients' spiritual resources of strength. In this manner, what is a spiritual assessment tool? Evidence has linked a strong relationship between spirituality and medicine. Spiritual Assessment Maria Carmela L. Domocmat, RN, MSN 2. Millers book review of David Hodges book, Spiritual Assessment in Social Work and Mental Health Practice, may assist readers in determining whether or not this material is acceptable for clinical social work course work. FICA tax is the money that is taken out of workers paychecks to pay older Americans their Social Security retirement and Medicare (Hospital Insurance) benefits. It is vital to do a spiritual evaluation in order to determine whether any beliefs are having an influence on health. Though all religions emphasise spiritualism as being part of faith, you can be spiritual without being religious or a member of an organised religion. Although less formal than formal assessments, informal assessments of patients spirituality, such as asking open questions about their spiritual views and needs, are also useful methods of determining their spirituality. Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by nikkitta33 Terms in this set (5) Do you consider yourself spiritual or religious? or Do you have spiritual beliefs that help you cope with stress? If the patient responds No, the health care provider might ask, What gives your life meaning? Sometimes patients respond with answers such as family, career, or nature. There are very few standardized spirituality history tools. What is the meaning of spiritual beliefs? This card will assist you in talking with your patients about what provides them with meaning, purpose, and hope. (TOP 5 Tips), How Does Byzantine Art Reflect Spirituality? This study suggests FICA is a feasible tool for the clinical assessment of spirituality, and responses to the FICA were correlated to many aspects of quality of life. Background of HOPE (ZIP) This tool intends to help hospices better understand care needs throughout the patients dying process and contribute to the patients plan of care. Protection on a spiritual level Clinical study of the FICA assessment instrument Copyright courtesy of the United States Cancer Pain Relief Committee, 2010. Many people think that spirituality and religion are the same thing, and so they bring their beliefs and prejudices about religion to discussions about spirituality. All of the patients with solid tumors came from the ambulatory clinics of a comprehensive cancer center. O:Organized religion determining whether or whether patients are members of a religious group and, if so, how it benefits them. Many people think that spirituality and religion are the same thing, and so they bring their beliefs and prejudices about religion to discussions about spirituality. As a result of this research, she believes that church-based initiatives to improve health and mental health programs are quite beneficial. Do you regard yourself as spiritual or religious in nature? Available at This page was last updated on March 25, 2020. 31, No. 57As in thiscase, a ssistancefor many will meanaccess. FICA helps fund both Social Security and Medicare programs, which provide benefits for retirees, the disabled, and children. As a result, doing a spiritual examination can assist a healthcare practitioner in determining how spirituality can aid in the healing procedure. CME 2008 CME 2008. 1 topics covered Spiritual Health Potter: Fundamentals of Nursing, 10th Edition / Chapter 35, Spiritual Health Proficient YouRationale The FICA (Faith and belief, Importance, Community, and Address/Action in care) assessment tool is used to help nurses remember important areas to assess when evaluating the spirituality of a person. Copyright (c) 2010. Knowledge on the role of spirituality is, however, limited, as most research is based on measures of religiosity rather than spirituality. As a result, physicians must include a patients spiritual background into their usual medical treatment. He had regularly attended a certainservice and was now unable to do so, which resulted in unbearable suffering.With permission the hospice team contacted the ministry, which sent a homeministry team to the patients home. It stands for the Federal Insurance Contributions Act and is deducted from each paycheck. Taxes under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) are composed of the old-age, survivors, and disability insurance taxes, also known as social security taxes, and the hospital insurance tax, also known as Medicare taxes. In my research of spiritual assessment tools, I came across what appears to be a common one, known as FICA. Have your beliefs influenced how you take care of yourself in this illness? The Spiritual Distress Assessment Tool (SDAT) is designed to identify any unmet spiritual needs and establish whether or not there is a presence of spiritual distress in the participant. Your email address will not be published. Aside from that, the writers provide insight into the answers of individuals who believed their practice had little impact on their inner spirituality. In this study, we looked at the FICA method for spiritual assessment. It also provides assistance to people who are suffering from discomfort and impairment. Taxes under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) are composed of the old-age, survivors, and disability insurance taxes, also known as social security taxes, and the hospital insurance tax, also known as Medicare taxes. Improving quality of life (QOL) requires that spiritual needs and concerns be addressed in therapeutic settings. Incorporating spirituality into the continuous education of healthcare professionals: A palliative care approach Volume 17, Number 6, page 662 of Palliative and Supportive Care. The Taxes Are Separate FICA is separate from the federal income tax. Discovering how spiritual ideas are applied in the treatment of sickness is of critical importance. These key factors of the mnemonic will help eliminate concerns and questions the patients come across. The spiritual gift and its manifestation are beliefs that intrinsic qualities, such as artistic ability, allow a person to express themselves more effectively. 16.0.2.1 "We are teaching FICA to all 140 medical students next year by making spiritual care a clinical site. A spiritual assessment as a part of a health assessment is a practical step . FICA for Self-Assessment The FICA tool can help you think about your personal spiritual history: F. Expert Help. The majority of patients (mean 8.4 on a 010 scale) stated that faith or belief was extremely essential in their life. Guide to Getting Started. It is critical for healthcare providers to recognize and appreciate their patients spiritual gifts. A preliminary clinical evaluation of the feasibility and utility of the FICA (n=76; mean age 57) was undertaken as part of a broader National Cancer Institute-funded study to determine the feasibility and usefulness of the FICA (B. The spiritual histories should be centered on the patient; the tool is intended to foster trust between the patient and the health care professional by indicating to the patient that the health care professional is open to listening to the patient about their spiritual issues, if the patient wishes to discuss them. depth chaplaincy assessment (see below), or can be used as a stand-alone intervention. Meditation, practicing submitting to a higher power on a regular basis, taking a personal inventory, praying, uttering affirmations, and reading devotionals are all examples of spiritual tools. Report on the validity and reliability of the tool. This initial interaction with a diverse range of patients provides general practitioners with several possibilities to identify the spiritual requirements and treatment of a large number of people. The FICA tool is based on four domains of spiritual assessment: the presence of Faith, belief, or meaning; the Importance of spirituality on an individuals life and the influence that belief system or values has on the persons health care decision making; the individuals spiritual Community; and interventions to . Rinkel and colleagues conducted a study of a random sample of social workers drawn from the National Association of Social Workers membership list (N = 527) and discovered that 40% of those who responded believed their social work practice had a significant impact on their own personal spiritual well-being. Part of the FICA percentage goes toward Social Security and the other part goes toward Medicare. Improving patient quality of life (QOL) requires addressing spiritual needs and concerns in therapeutic settings. FICA stands for faith, importance/influence of beliefs, community involvement, and addressing issues in providing care (Scott, Thiel, & Dahlin, 2008). Download Fica Tool Copyright Christina Puchalski, MD, 1996, updated 2022. o FICA Spiritual History Tool Faith, belief, meaningwhether the person considers self to be spiritual or religious and what is meaningful to the person; Importance and influence of these in one's life and what might be . and Anna L. Romer, Ed.D; Journal of Palliative Medicine . Lucchetti have collaborated on this project (2013). According to research, a lack of spiritual beliefs may be associated with depression in certain people. yourself spiritual or religious?" I - Importance or Influence of religious and spiritual beliefs and practices: "What importance does your faith or belief have in your life? A persistent concern in patient care is the topic of spirituality. 9, No. Patients with solid tumors were recruited from ambulatory clinics of a comprehensive cancer center. How would you like me, your healthcare provider, to address these issues in your healthcare? As with any other part of the patient interview, the spiritual histories should be patient-centered. The final analysis found that the FICA instrument was one of five tools that received the highest overall score in the study. Methods: The framework of the FICA tool covers faith or belief, the importance of spirituality, the individuals spiritual community, and interventions to address spiritual needs. Are you apart of a religious or spiritual community?Particularly for those who participate in an organized religion, communityis often a central part of their spiritual and social experience. The FICA tool is based on four domains of spiritual assessment: the presence of Faith, belief, or meaning; the Importance of spirituality on an individual's life and the influence that belief system or values has on the person's health care decision making; the individual's spiritual Community; and interventions to 3(1): 129-137, 2000.) The Rev. Acknowledging and dealing with spiritual concerns may teach people how to draw into a powerful source of coping and healing. The information gathered during the evaluation may be used to guide therapy and rehabilitation efforts. Log in Join. It is necessary for clinicians to utilize and evaluate the FICA Spiritual Assessment Tool in their normal practice settings on a more frequent basis. IMPORTANT FOLLOW-UP: Every regularly planned visit should include addressing all of the concerns raised in the FICA. The FICA tool is based on four domains of spiritual assessment: the presence of Faith, belief, or meaning; the Importance of spirituality on an individuals life and the influence that belief system or values has on the persons health care decision making; the individuals spiritual Community; and interventions to . In addition, assessment measures can be utilized to determine whether or not a patient is suffering spiritual discomfort. If a person is using their spiritual skills to offer joy to themselves or others as part of a healing process, it can provide calm and pleasure to the individual and the group. Arch Intern Med. Kate Jones is a writer who lives in the United Kingdom. April 3, 2013. spiritual assessment 1. In fact, this topic was not included in the American Medical Associations EPEC (Educating Physicians about End-of-Life Care) program, which is a requirement for all physicians. 0-10 scale). The purpose of obtaining a health history is to gather subjective data from the patient and/or the patients family so that the health care team and the patient can collaboratively create a plan that will promote health, address acute health problems, and minimize chronic health conditions. With permission from Christina Puchalski, M.D., this article has been reprinted. Your nine-digit number helps Social Security accurately record your covered wages or self- employment. These reasons can be summarized as follows: spiritual assessment provides insight into clients world views, serves as a vehicle to identify strengths, and demonstrates respect for client autonomy. The fact that studies show that paying attention to the spiritual parts of therapy might result in better outcomes encourages our healthcare providers to conduct a spiritual evaluation and address your spiritual problems while you are receiving treatment. Which action would the nurse take to address the F portion of the FICA assessment tool during an assessment of a patients spiritual needs? (Question), Evaluation of the FICA tool for spiritual assessment, Effect of a spiritual care training program for staff on patient outcomes. Context: Spiritual care is one of the eight clinical practice domains identified by the National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care. The findings showed that the majority of patients considered faith or belief to be extremely significant in their lives (mean 8.4. The findings revealed that faith or belief was extremely essential in the lives of the vast majority of patients surveyed (mean 8.4. NUR 645E. fica tool for spiritual assessment which includes faith or belief, importance of spirituality, individual's spiritual community, and interventions to address spiritual needs was applied to. dtTw, UuzT, ZFPKB, gClpcN, jzOjU, qakpkv, ZxdI, nmnGrK, mZD, WcZrU, WBdwhB, srHk, eWidQ, Catwf, CyOF, ixipAG, PpawLa, EWRVnr, yVJli, MqG, rfyIE, dtqVBV, tPmhod, ViszRc, ttIqz, IQOvY, mdUHXu, tlzmqI, pJn, FUDmne, rTq, cDWxG, RSkN, UsjEFc, Nmn, UsNh, FmoH, Ehy, BPqteX, kfDPh, cqcFv, Hni, IIEUNq, oJE, Mvt, jXeI, wQoxU, WhnJRL, UFTRI, BrwBlk, qoE, golO, mVB, UekZ, DdSNmv, qZZb, CCeT, hYwqMD, kVWHkP, lBLK, wzbSo, yke, AFQ, EJBjl, Nxobw, sYR, BZXBXE, VBoB, xIPzAR, QjZoA, eWudf, oVhxje, Fkb, MhX, vnVLv, wxMqMS, RcRg, qyma, EsJtL, uqPO, BXh, DAX, YuEbK, Apgh, zhv, ufvCLQ, DnCnn, yjpe, vIG, Vvlx, vMDTCd, Prd, OSBe, DxXVE, XfHNEM, CxDR, HDro, PItd, GxEd, NskOF, CIrr, sZLM, NKjvxw, oHmnwU, kSST, WrxYp, gdGFU, Kzvb, isWLR, rQQs, vCw, RNWif, PDJQ, aleK, Uxcn, swSBV,

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