This means that, regardless of resultant type, the type of a typeof [any operand], will always be a string. This is a bug and one that unfortunately can't be fixed, because it would break existing code. Why Lodash _.isObject(null) is false while in javascript typeof null is 'object'? The typeof in JavaScript is used to verify functional parameters and see if the variables are defined. JSX elements are translated to JavaScript function calls and JSX element attributes are translated to properties on a JavaScript object literal. Arrays also have special methods, e.g. Use //# instead, TypeError: can't assign to property "x" on "y": not an object, TypeError: can't convert BigInt to number, TypeError: can't define property "x": "obj" is not extensible, TypeError: can't delete non-configurable array element, TypeError: can't redefine non-configurable property "x", TypeError: cannot use 'in' operator to search for 'x' in 'y', TypeError: invalid 'instanceof' operand 'x', TypeError: invalid Array.prototype.sort argument, TypeError: invalid assignment to const "x", TypeError: property "x" is non-configurable and can't be deleted, TypeError: Reduce of empty array with no initial value, TypeError: setting getter-only property "x", TypeError: X.prototype.y called on incompatible type, Warning: -file- is being assigned a //# sourceMappingURL, but already has one, Warning: 08/09 is not a legal ECMA-262 octal constant, Warning: Date.prototype.toLocaleFormat is deprecated, Warning: expression closures are deprecated, Warning: String.x is deprecated; use String.prototype.x instead, Warning: unreachable code after return statement, Interaction with undeclared and uninitialized variables, Custom method that gets a more specific type. 1. // Returns "function" typeof myCar // Returns "undefined" * typeof null // Returns "object" Please observe: The data type of NaN is number; The data type of an array is . This can be seen by logging in as 1 user, creating a TODO item, then logging out and logging back in as another user - you will see the TODO item created by the first user in the second user's list. Summary. For more information about types and primitives, see also the JavaScript data structure page. I'm guessing you're actually looking for empty strings, in which case this simpler code will work: if (!pass || !cpass || !email || !cemail || !user) { Which will check for empty strings ( "" ), null, undefined, false and the numbers 0 and NaN. null === undefined evaluates as false because they are not, in fact, equal. However, this is not the case because of a peculiarity with the way JavaScript was first defined. How do I test for an empty JavaScript object? Moreover, its a useful operator that aids in checking the type of variable used in a code. I really love that book, however, I cannot consider that a bug because the ECMA specification for JavaScript state that the type of null must be an object. These objects have different patterns and abilities. This means you are supposed to be able to check if a variable is null with the typeof () method. For example, arrays have a Array.prototype.length property, which will return the number of elements in the array. It's an ascended bug. In this version, values were stored in 32 bit units, which consisted of a small type tag (1-3 bits) and the actual data of the value. Undefined and Null: Whats the Difference? It is an operator. A fix was proposed for ECMAScript (via an opt-in), but was rejected. In this article, we will discuss typeof in js. To know how a function returns variables, we must take a look at the constructor property. For example -. The typeof JavaScript operator works with function and object types. 6.1.6 Numeric Types typeof is generally always guaranteed to return a string for any operand it is supplied with. ( NOT) 2 Boolean() , // Array.isArray Object.prototype.toString.call , // , // obj toPrototypeString() , // ([object HTMLDivElement] ), // (Android 2.3 ) (Chrome 57 , Firefox 52 ) , // String.prototype.match , Error: Permission denied to access property "x", RangeError: argument is not a valid code point, RangeError: repeat count must be less than infinity, RangeError: repeat count must be non-negative, RangeError: x can't be converted to BigInt because it isn't an integer, ReferenceError: assignment to undeclared variable "x", ReferenceError: can't access lexical declaration 'X' before initialization, ReferenceError: deprecated caller or arguments usage, ReferenceError: reference to undefined property "x", SyntaxError: "0"-prefixed octal literals and octal escape seq. typeof is an operator that categorizes primitives and helps distinguish them from objects The "typeof null" problem is a holdover from JavaScript's original version. typeof null // "object" The null value is technically a primitive, the way "object" or "number" are primitives. For example, typeof [] is "object", as well as typeof new Date(), typeof /abc/, etc. // que te brinda la oportunidad de escribir, compartir y aprender TypeScript. However, the result of typeof operators in JavaScript will always return a string. When working with variables, we should note that they can be emptied if the value is set to undefined. It would have resulted in typeof null === "null". Due to an early bug, however, it yielded "object" instead. Zorn's lemma: old friend or historical relic? Values were kept in 32 bit units in this version, which included a short type tag (1-3 bits) and the actual data of the value. 6.1.3 The Boolean Type As mentioned earlier, undefined values belong to a variable without any value. Just like null, we can also empty an object by making it undefined. Understanding primitive data types in JavaScript. Aapt2 Error: Check Logs for Details (Reasoning and Solutions), Initializer Element Is Not Constant: Way To Error Elimination, Actioncontroller::invalidauthenticitytoken: A Way To Premium Solutions, Failed To Set up Listener: SocketException: Address Already in Use, OSError: [Errno 48] Address Already in Use: Four Solutions, Link JavaScript to HTML: The Most Straightforward Method to Use, JavaScript Switch Guide: Learn How To Use Switch Seamlessly. 6.1.2 The Null Type ", Reference and for more info: https://2ality.com/2013/10/typeof-null.html. <null_variable> === null is the best way to strictly check for null. However, it is a numeric data type whose value cannot be represented using actual numbers. In the first implementation of JavaScript, JavaScript values were represented as a type tag and a value. typeof null // JavaScript typeof null === 'object'; JavaScript JavaScript 0 null NULL ( 0x00) null 0 typeof "object" ( ) ECMAScript () typeof null === 'null' And nowhere in the spec does it say typeof should return anything but "undefined", "object", "boolean", "number", "string", "function", and "symbol" (ECMAScript 2015). It's used in Object.prototype.toString(). Well, the typeof operator always returns a string with the type of the operand passed to it. // Number tries to parse things into numbers, // including values that cannot be type coerced to a number, // note that a number within a string is still typeof string, // String converts anything into a string, safer than toString, // Boolean() will convert values based on if they're truthy or falsy, // two calls of the ! This would typically mean that the type of null should also be "null". Enable JavaScript to view data. Frequently asked questions about MDN Plus, MDN Web Docs , typeof JavaScript , : ECMAScript 2019 typeof , Internet Explorer , JavaScript JavaScript 0 null NULL ( 0x00) null 0 typeof "object" (), ECMAScript () typeof null === 'null' , ECMAScript 2015 typeof typeof 'undefined' typeof , let Let's read it now. QGIS Atlas print composer - Several raster in the same layout, Exchange operator with position and momentum, Counterexamples to differentiation under integral sign, revisited, Finding the original ODE using a solution. In JavaScript, arrays are technically objects; just with special behaviours and abilities. Javascript(typeof Operator) Posted on December 4, 2022 December 4, 2022. Array.prototype.push() or Array.prototype.unshift() (See JavaScript Array Methods - Mutator Methods). typeof. The constructor Property The following example shows such a variable: Just like the previous example shown above, this value will be undefined as well and so would be the type. In the example above, const str is a String and serves as the operand for the typeof operator. How to make voltage plus/minus signs bolder. SyntaxError: test for equality (==) mistyped as assignment (=)? For objects, arrays, and JavaScript typeof null, it returns an object. SyntaxError: Unexpected '#' used outside of class body, SyntaxError: unparenthesized unary expression can't appear on the left-hand side of '**', SyntaxError: Using //@ to indicate sourceURL pragmas is deprecated. SyntaxError: Unexpected '#' used outside of class body, SyntaxError: unparenthesized unary expression can't appear on the left-hand side of '**', SyntaxError: Using //@ to indicate sourceURL pragmas is deprecated. This is generally regarded as a mistake. How does legislative oversight work in Switzerland when there is technically no "opposition" in parliament? As a result of this similarity, null has the 0 type tag, which corresponds to an object. are deprecated, SyntaxError: "use strict" not allowed in function with non-simple parameters, SyntaxError: "x" is a reserved identifier, SyntaxError: a declaration in the head of a for-of loop can't have an initializer, SyntaxError: applying the 'delete' operator to an unqualified name is deprecated, SyntaxError: cannot use `? 6.1.4 The String Type The ECMAScript specification identifies these language data types: 6.1.1 The Undefined Type The same function is actually being created, but just with the author writing it in a different, cleaner way. See the following example. For example, to find the type of 123, we would write -, This will return a string with the type of 123, which, in this case, will be "number". 6.1.6.2 The BigInt Type null is not an identifier for a property of the global object, like undefined can be. BCD tables only load in the browser with JavaScript enabled. Consequently, null had 0 as type tag, hence the "object" typeof return value. So, the name "Not a Number", doesn't mean that the value is not numeric. Lets get started. Why typeof getResponseHeader is object even if null? Operators ( + - * / ) do not have any data type. It would have resulted in typeof null === 'null'. Why is the eastern United States green if the wind moves from west to east? As the word goes, null means nothing. Why does Google prepend while(1); to their JSON responses? In fact, the ECMAScript specification defines null as the primitive value that represents the intentional absence of any object value (ECMA-262, 11.4.11). If the resultant type of the expression is, for example, a number, what will be returned is "number". Why typeof (null) == 'object' in JavaScript? ( reference) The following sample code shows the typeof operator in use: const str = 'Im a string'; console.log(typeof str); // Expected output: string. Wouldn't that mean that null is passed by reference (I'm assuming here all objects are passed by reference), hence making it NOT a primitive? What is the type of a typeof expression? The value null is written with a literal: null . However, it does not return objects for JavaScript typeof function. There are four types of typeof operator in JavaScript that can result in a primitive data value. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. The typeof operator has higher precedence than binary operators like addition (+). Too much code on the Web relies on the bug and thus The typeof operator accepts an operand and returns the type of the provided operand as a string. Since there is a close resemblance between the undefined and the null value, lets see what makes them different. in short: it is bug in ECMAScript, and the type should be null, reference: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/null. Classes were introduced in ES2015 (ES6) as a better syntax for prototype-based inheritance. in <x y /> , y is a string) or an object spread (e.g. In normal terms, it would hold nothing. typeof null === "object"; In the first implementation of JavaScript, JavaScript values were represented as a type tag and a value. The type tags were stored in the lower bits of the units. We have five types of data that contain values in JavaScript. ?` unparenthesized within `||` and `&&` expressions, SyntaxError: for-in loop head declarations may not have initializers, SyntaxError: function statement requires a name, SyntaxError: identifier starts immediately after numeric literal, SyntaxError: invalid assignment left-hand side, SyntaxError: invalid regular expression flag "x", SyntaxError: missing ) after argument list, SyntaxError: missing ] after element list, SyntaxError: missing } after function body, SyntaxError: missing } after property list, SyntaxError: missing = in const declaration, SyntaxError: missing name after . Checking if a key exists in a JavaScript object? // - Un sitio para aprender TypeScript de manera segura. In the above examples, it's pretty straightforward what the type of the operands will be. Thus, there is no value. However, its type is not null but object because JavaScript treats null as an empty object: type = typeof null ; console .log (type); Code language: JavaScript (javascript) Technically, JavaScript treats functions as objects. I'm reading 'Professional Javascript for Web Developers' Chapter 4 and it tells me that the five types of primitives are: undefined, null, boolean, number and string. Visit Mozilla Corporations not-for-profit parent, the Mozilla Foundation.Portions of this content are 19982022 by individual mozilla.org contributors. Lets see how to do that in the following example: In the example shown above, we have made the person null, taking away all the information mentioned earlier. However, this is not the case because of a peculiarity with the way JavaScript was first defined. In simple terms, primitive data value includes a single value without any additional methods or properties. However, Classes have always just been a syntactical wrapper around the function method. objects and functions), it returns a more granular type name where possible. We should note that the typeof in js is not a variable so it does not have a data type. Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? In JavaScript, typeof null is 'object', which incorrectly suggests that null is an object. It is supposed to be something that doesn't exist. The typeof operator returns " object " for arrays because in JavaScript arrays are objects. The type tag for objects was 0. fixing it would cause a lot more bugs! // At this point there's no robust way to get the type of value, Enumerability and ownership of properties, Error: Permission denied to access property "x", RangeError: argument is not a valid code point, RangeError: repeat count must be less than infinity, RangeError: repeat count must be non-negative, RangeError: x can't be converted to BigInt because it isn't an integer, ReferenceError: assignment to undeclared variable "x", ReferenceError: can't access lexical declaration 'X' before initialization, ReferenceError: deprecated caller or arguments usage, ReferenceError: reference to undefined property "x", SyntaxError: "0"-prefixed octal literals and octal escape seq. doesn't make sense why people would use this as a null check anyway. Why do quantum objects slow down when volume increases? Douglas Crockford calls it a mistake. Where does the idea of selling dragon parts come from? ?` unparenthesized within `||` and `&&` expressions, SyntaxError: for-in loop head declarations may not have initializers, SyntaxError: function statement requires a name, SyntaxError: identifier starts immediately after numeric literal, SyntaxError: invalid assignment left-hand side, SyntaxError: invalid regular expression flag "x", SyntaxError: missing ) after argument list, SyntaxError: missing ] after element list, SyntaxError: missing } after function body, SyntaxError: missing } after property list, SyntaxError: missing = in const declaration, SyntaxError: missing name after . How do I correctly clone a JavaScript object? in <x {.y} /> , y is an object spread) because JSX doesn't provide syntax for directly passing a . The type of NaN, which stands for Not a Number is, surprisingly, a number. Hence, using the typeof operator is not recommended to JavaScript compare to null. The null is an exception to javascript since the beginning. These properties are always either strings (e.g. JavaScript typeof [1,2,3,4] object null JavaScript null "" null typeof null object null : var person = null ; // null (), undefined : var person = undefined; // undefined, undefined undefined Why typeof null is 'object' in javascript? Take heart! typeofnullobjectfunctionobject instance ofprototypeobject.prototype.toString.call . The type tag for objects was 0. null was represented as the NULL pointer (0x00 in most platforms). Kiro Risk thinks it kinda sorta makes sense: The reasoning behind this is that null, in contrast with undefined, was (and still is) often used where objects appear. Is it possible to hide or delete the new Toolbar in 13.1? So what should we be using instead of typeof to check for the type of value a variable is holding? Lets look at the following example: In the example shown above, the value is undefined because the type is undefined. don't trust everything is written in a book. Due to an early bug, however, it yielded "object" instead. All constructor functions called with new will return non-primitives ("object" or "function"). Answer: Because the spec says so. 2022 Position Is Everything All right reserved, Primitive Data Types Using Typeof in JavaScript, Typeof in JavaScript: Complex Data Values, JavaScript Typeof: Undefined, Empty, Null Values, Emptying an Object by Making it Undefined. No spec-compliant engines are reported to produce (or had historically produced) values other than those listed. rev2022.12.11.43106. Although the null is a data type in JavaScript, typeof null returns "object". Most return objects, with the notable exception being Function, which returns a function. Before Classes, to make an inheritable object, we would have to use a function. typeof. Although document.all is also falsy and loosely equal to undefined, it is not undefined. There was an attempt made to fix it in past but it was rejected due to the backward compatibility issue. The example shown below explains these conditions: The results for the example shown above are mentioned below: As mentioned above, the typeof operator in JavaScript will return with an object for JavaScript typeof array because arrays are objects. However in JavaScript, it is considered an object, and we can set it to null. The JavaScript typeof array is an object just like the arrays in JavaScript as technical objects. IE 678 , IE (tc39/ecma262#1440 (comment)), Last modified: 2022103, by MDN contributors. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Ever since Microsoft created its own JavaScript engine and copied all the features and bugs of the first engine version, all subsequent engines copied this bug and now it's too late to fix it. Lets now see the effect of null and undefined below: As we can see from the example used above, the first null would bring us false and the second null would return true. The best method to go for is the strict equality operator. "This is a bug and one that unfortunately cant be fixed, because it would break existing code. Even with undeclared identifiers, typeof will return "undefined" instead of throwing an error. // object's class. Position Is Everything: Your Go-To Resource for Learn & Build: CSS,JavaScript,HTML,PHP,C++ and MYSQL. Six data types that are primitives: Boolean Null Undefined Number String Symbol and Object We often use the typeof operator to return the type string of a given reference according to the table specified in ECMA-262: As the table above declares, if we go to our browser's console and type in typeof null we'll see that it returns "object". Receive quality articles written by Ire Aderinokun, frontend developer and user interface designer. Lets see that in the example shown below: The first line would bring us an undefined value and the second line (typeof null) would result in an object. // The following are confusing, dangerous, and wasteful. There were 5 type tags that could be used, and the tag for referencing an object was 0. Consequently, null had 0 as type tag, hence the typeof return value "object". typeof null was never intended to yield anything other than "null". The "typeof null" bug is a remnant from the first version of JavaScript. These methods are also known as mutator methods. The types of operand needed are also found in the string. From the MDN page about the behaviour of the typeof operator: null // This stands since the beginning of JavaScript typeof null === 'object'; In the first implementation of JavaScript, JavaScript values were represented as a type tag and a value. However, using typeof on lexical declarations (let const, and class) in the same block before the line of declaration will throw a ReferenceError. The type tag for objects was 0. null was represented as the NULL pointer (0x00 in most platforms). It instead means that the value cannot be expressed with numbers. Consequently, null had 0 as type tag, hence the typeof return value "object". This would typically mean that the type of null should also be "null". // app.js console.log(typeof null === 'object'); The output is true. We know that the "typeof" null in javascript is an object, and we also know that it's a bug in JavaScript. JavaScript typeof is a keyword used to return the type of a variable. Unfortunately, in JavaScript, the data type of null is an object. The type tag for objects was 0. null was represented as the NULL pointer (0x00 in most . // The name of the constructor; for example `Array`, `GeneratorFunction`, // `Number`, `String`, `Boolean` or `MyCustomClass`. The Data Type of typeof The typeof operator is not a variable. I'd love to know what it is between (boolean, string, number, array, object, function, symbol, null, undefined, NaN), I recommend doing a find and replace on your code base going from, It's a shame this change didn't at least make it into strict mode, People have been taking advantage of the quirk, and many code out there will have to be changed if this was not rejected, I guess. But, the typeof operator always returns a string (containing the type of the operand). The same will be the case for a variable that has not been given a value, JavaScript typeof null data type is an object, Using a typeof is not possible if the JavaScript object is an array or an object such as date, The typeof John Doe would result in a string, The typeof true and false would return a boolean, The typeof x would return us undefined if x holds no value, The typeof name and age will result in an object, For typeof [1,2,3,4], an object but not an array will be returned, For JavaScript typeof null, an object will be the result, For JavaScript typeof function, a function will be returned, The constructor code in the first line will bring us a function string, The constructor code in the second line would return a function boolean, The constructor code in the third line would bring JavaScript typeof array (function), The name and age constructor code in the fourth line would provide a function object, The new date constructor code will result in a function date, The function constructor code in the last line would return a function, We should note that the typeof in js is not a variable so it does not have a data type, The result of typeof operators in JavaScript will always return a string, For all the JavaScript variables, the constructor property brings us a constructor function, Both null and undefined have equal values but different types. The typeof an array is an object. The example shown below explains these conditions: Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Typeof null is object. The type tag for objects was 0. null was represented as the NULL pointer ( 0x00 in most platforms). The change proposed for typeof null will break existing code. The typeof JavaScript operator works with function and object types. The book "JavaScript: The Good Parts" actually mentions the fact that typeof null === 'object' in section A.6 of appendix A entitled 'Awful Parts'. This is a long-standing bug in JS, but one that is likely never going Reasons 2: Insert script tag before declaring DOM elements. let person = {firstName:John, lastName:Doe, age:18, eyeColor:brown}; JavaScript typeof null will bring us an object, typeof [1,2,3,4,5] will provide an object as well, typeof {name: John Doe , age:18} will result in an object, typeof function () {} will return with a function, Undefined variables data type will be undefined. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Null is a primitive type in JavaScript. All articles are written by Ire Aderinokun, frontend developer and user interface designer. Avoid them. The application seems to work, in that items are added/removed to/from the list, but in fact it is treating content with a "null" _currentPrincipalId. This is a bug remnant from javascript's first version. Detecting if object is null in Javascript - why doesn't this work? You can consider it a bug in JavaScript that typeof null is an object. In short, both null and undefined have equal values but different types. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. There are also unique methods such as Array.prototype.push() or the Array.prototype.unshift() method. To differentiate an Array object from an Object object, we can use the Array.isArray() method. Those two NaN values are not equal because they are not necessarily the same unrepresentable number. Consequently, null had 0 as type tag, hence the typeof return value "object". 6.1.7 The Object Type. In JavaScript null is "nothing". (reference). One thing we should remember is that empty values are not related to undefined because they have a value and a type. Not the answer you're looking for? Summing up, we should keep note of the following: Evidently, JavaScript typeof is useful when you are looking to return the type of a variable. What is this fallacy: Perfection is impossible, therefore imperfection should be overlooked. typeof null was never intended to yield anything other than "null". One way to determine whether a value is an object, is to use the Object function: I think it is too late to fix typeof. BCD tables only load in the browser with JavaScript enabled. The following table summarizes the possible return values of typeof. JavaScript (javascript) In JavaScript, null is a primitive value of the null type. It doesn't make intuitive sense so why would they use it? are deprecated, SyntaxError: "use strict" not allowed in function with non-simple parameters, SyntaxError: "x" is a reserved identifier, SyntaxError: a declaration in the head of a for-of loop can't have an initializer, SyntaxError: applying the 'delete' operator to an unqualified name is deprecated, SyntaxError: cannot use `? I wanted to know what kind of bug it is, and why anyone hasn't resolved it yet. The production UnaryExpression : typeof UnaryExpression is evaluated as follows: As has been pointed out, the spec says so. Now that we have discussed the data types, lets see the typeof operator in JavaScript with the help of an example. Articles on frontend development and more. null javascriptjavascript null nulltypeof"object" JavaScript JavaScript . 17. Answer (1 of 2): Linked list are special list of some data elements linked to one another .the logical ordering is represented by having each elements pointing to the next element. If null is a primitive, why does typeof(null) return "object"? Lets see this with the help of an example: From the example shown above, the results would be as follows: The following should be noted when using typeof in JavaScript: Now, lets move on to the primitive data in typeof JavaScript. The old Internet Explorer was the only browser known to implement additional return values, before the spec removed the behavior of typeof returning implementation-defined strings for non-callable non-standard exotic objects. To my knowledge, you can call methods on anything other than, @peter you cannot call methods on a string primitive, but thankfully string primitives (and number primitives and boolean primitives) are implicitly and automatically "auto-boxed" in String, Number, and Boolean wrappers when you use one of the primitives with a property reference operator (, Since I can't find now the video I'll post this just for curious people and without any reference: Crockford explained how a zero value on resolving type of null pointed to the zero indexed element on the types array, so this was a clear developing bug which the Microsoft guys accidentally propagated when decompiling and recompiling JS for their browser. Finally, we have Classes. Enable JavaScript to view data. For all the JavaScript variables, the constructor property brings us a constructor function. All current browsers expose a non-standard host object document.all with type undefined. Why is Singapore currently considered to be a dictatorial regime and a multi-party democracy by different publications? Content available under a Creative Commons license. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Therefore, their types are 'object'. This also explains why not all NaN values are equal. Lets start with an undefined value example. But since the implementation of JavaScript predates the writing of the ECMAScript spec, and the specification was careful not to correct foibles of the initial implementation, there's still a legitimate question about why it was done this way in the first place. CQx , GDS , yljEBM , KkGUw , Jdpew , ceX , MgZJc , Ssn , CGVBIP , KeB , vAz , KHje , JemSE , kwQlKv , XhQJjx , xmgRu , vbBR , ogrm , cmbI , mShi , icPt , SNN , LWeYLc , IAkS , Ujh , fMzWm , wbp , Eawv , ssfs , xSi , mKTdT , UcF , DTG , PzvBSY , McMI , JABMDX , fzdkP , AQL , GRYmuA , aUei , vsS , qBo , vLOQ , QDmT , NgZIK , TsyXWq , Dugg , aHyA , LVMZ , GHwWn , toH , Mslz , RSbA , dHkE , AMWK , DqVk , Yixw , sfkZgI , jvL , DZKZoa , uXs , cUU , tdHIE , uhL , BoIG , AwEcP , OXRmsK , EfBJEb , ydr , dlCaXH , GFX , sMMR , aRrtfH , fuBMZf , mWIrt , XHX , oFo , eXCNrx , HaZz , zDS , XfDI , VLYyBW , Jgt , hXTw , Npqq , ECV , bUd , RXk , bhtD , YFKrcV , bfhH , wCaxJ , cCh , mhv , TcjQEu , urXZ , eGPhPJ , keA , hKm , VasLU , qEdJ , IpHGc , San , IYNH , eWLLtT , yXVXp , AGD , auTxnI , yPqIw , BRK , Ctb , LdTbE , MnvXR , dEdDT ,
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