Technology Capability Download as PDF About this page The Enterprise Taxonomy James Bean, in SOA and Web Services Interface Design, 2010 9.3 Registry Entries and Discovery The technology capabilities of the implemented registry technology will determine what additional taxonomy classifications and entries are supported. Complementary role of organizational learning capability in new service development (NSD) process. Are altruistic leaders worthy? With greater technological capability, firms have more unique resources and skills and engage in more strategic activities and thus can gain competitive advantages and increase their profitability while enhancing their organizational performance. (2015). Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 22 (1), p. 25-45. MITRE's Cyber Infrastructure Protection Innovation Center is seeking a technical Capability Area Lead (CAL) for Counter Measures for Operational Technology (OT). The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 20 (6), p. 444-467. It also advances the roles of these capabilities as dynamic capabilities which enabled SMEs achieve sustainable improved performance in changing environment. NELSON, R.; WINTER, S. (2005). Copyright 1988-2022, IGI Global - All Rights Reserved, (10% discount applies to all IGI Global Published Book Products and cannot be combined with other offers. The diversification of a companys product portfolio if it operates in the international market increases the chances of selling the products in new markets (Zahra, 1996; Kang & Montoya, 2014), thus contributing to an increase in NPS rates (Ernst, 2002; Nerkar & Roberts, 2004). It is an essential capability that enhances SMEs relational values and performance (Cheng, Chen, & Huang, 2014), and significantly influences internal quality suppliers and customers integration, which, in turn, enhances performance (Yu & Huo, 2018). Technological capability is embodied not only in the employees' knowledge and skills and the technical system, but also in the managerial system, values and norms. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, 10(1), 4266. Goh, S. C., Elliott, C., & Quon, T. K. (2012). However, due to the dearth of open standards, SMEs need to create distinctive capabilities and product to effectively expand and internationalize their operations and survive the globalization effects (Rugraff, 2012). Fang, C., Chang, S., & Chen, G. (2011). 4 (2014): Technical Change and Innovation Policy in Latin America: Lessons learned. TERAWATANAVONG, C.; WHITWELL, G. J.; WIDING, R. E.; OCASS, A. Distinctive marketing and information technology capabilities and strategic types: A cross-national investigation. Research Policy, 33, 1123-1140. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 14 (04), pp. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090560610702768, of the aircraft engine control system. Building technological capability for industrialization: analytical frameworks and Koreas experience. Vol. Technological Capability and Firm Performance. (2017) demonstrated that relational capability is grounded in firms knowledge sharing, thus firms in strategic relationship need capability that supports and expedites sourcing of new idea and knowledge from other partners. Ray, A. S. (2008). This is specifically, essential for SMEs firms from less developing and emerging economies as they are lagging behind at the global competitive platform, and that the possession of specific advantage locally may not be adequately enough to help penetrate the global markets. The Role of Technological Capability in the Internationalization of the Company and New Product Success, O Papel da Capacidade Tecnolgica para a Internacionalizao da Firma e Sucesso de Novos Produtos: Uma Reviso Sistemtica da Literatura, Revista Eletrnica de Negcios Internacionais (Internext), vol. Intangible resources and technological capability are of great strategic potential for the firm (Garca-Muia & Navas-Lopez, 2007). This research aimed to evaluate the impacts of technological, relational and learning capabilities on the performance of SMEs in developing economies of Africa. Leveraging informational and relational capabilities for performance: An empirical investigation. As constantes mudanas existentes no ambiente corporativo exigem que as organizaes apresentem alta velocidade de adaptao aos cenrios hipercompetitivos. Journal of International Marketing, 16(1), 438. Learning capability and Nigerian SMEs marketing innovation: The moderating influence of dynamic business environment. (1993b) New-Product Success in the chemical industry. Assume that I have an SAP Accounting System which I use for running my accounts, and a Business Intelligence (BI) System which I use for analyzing those accounts. Learning has been established to influence other environmental factors to enhance performance (Escrig, Broch, Gmez, & Alcam, 2016; Malln, Chiva, Alegre, & Guinot, 2015; Hooi & Ngui, 2014; Alegre & Chiva, 2008; Akgn, Keskin, Byrne, & Aren, 2007; Keskin, 2006): Learning capability mediates the relationship between technological capability and SMEs performance. This underscored the postulation of the proponents of RBV (Barney, 1991; Wernerfelt, 1984). Government policies and programs designed to support technological development and innovation must be adjusted to consider the peculiar nature of SMEs firms in terms of technology and innovativeness that enhances competitive position and performance. Together, we can bring in the right mix of talent, technology . GARCA-MUIA, F.; NAVAS-LPEZ, J. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17410381111099798, JONKER, M.; ROMIJN, H.; SZIRMAI, A. Lam, V. M. Y., Poon, G. K. K., & Chin, K. S. (2006). Journal of Business Research, 58(6), 715725, Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.11.002, Keskin, H. (2006). Their . Therefore, potential problem of CMV was not an issue to the reliability of the data in this study. Having a well-defined technical capability model enables a business to respond more quickly and efficiently to changes in its business resulting from growth, mergers, acquisitions, or new legislation, and to assist with budget planning. Lily Julienti Abu Bakar is an Associate Professor of Entrepreneurship and Innovation at School of Business Management, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia. This is specifically essential for SMEs firms from less developed economies as they are lagging behind on the global competitive platform, and that the possession of specific advantage locally may not be adequately enough to help penetrate the global markets. Journal of Business Research, 67 (7), p. 1360-1367. Teece, D., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. Through relational capability SMEs develops efficient collaborative relationship to acquire new techniques, knowledge. It boosts the influence of transformational leadership on employees happiness at work (Salas-Vallina et al., 2017), it also enhances total quality management culture (Lam, Poon, & Chin, 2006) and the impacts of human resource practice on firms performance (Hooi & Ngui, 2014). DOI:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.10.010, LI, T.; NICHOLLS, J. Empirically, numerous studies have demonstrated the positive impacts of learning capability on firms financial and market performances (Peris-Ortiz et al., 2018; Visser, 2016; Moon & Lee, 2015; Santos-Vijande et al., 2012; Goh et al., 2012; Tohidi, Seyedaliakbar, & Mandegari, 2012; Limpibunterng & Johri, 2009; Bhatnagar, 2006; Prieto & Revilla, 2006). Linking entrepreneurial orientation and small service firm performance through marketing resources and marketing capability: A moderated mediation model. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 22(2), 202221. Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal, 24(1), 79, Available from: https://doi.org/10.1108/14777281011010442. After all, isnt the technology there to support the business? The resource-based view (RBV) and the dynamic capability view have for decades demonstrated the crucial role of capabilities in enhancing firms competitive advantage and performance (Teece, Pisano, & Shuen, 1997; Barney, 1991; Wernerfelt, 1984). Tran Ngoc Ca had four aims for this study. By defining these capabilities, and then mapping the Business Capabilities onto them, an organization has a focus on application rationalization, unused IT capability, IT investment requirements, and many other strategic activities. Article on Technological capability, relational capability and firms' performance, published in Revista de Gesto 27 on 2019-09-06 by Yakubu Salisu+1. Eli Lilly and Company has announced plans to make an investment of $2.1bn to expand its manufacturing footprint in Indiana, US. [tr3] One way to reduce the risks and uncertainties about the inadequate transfer of technology is to analyze it as a synergistic process (Madu, 1989). Innovation sources, capabilities and competitiveness: Evidence from Hong Kong firms. This is because, fundamentally, software comes in two flavors: the first is designed to do one thing and one thing only, straight out of the box. Through effective technological capability, firms create and deliver new products and services in better and efficient way that best satisfy the customer needs, thus determines the overall success of the firms new product development and performance. < http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/43/41/48350231.pdf>. The purchase price includes $178.0 million of cash and $7.0 million of equity. Learning capability and business performance: A non-financial and financial assessment. (2006). Rungsithong et al., (2017) postulated that trust expedites the efficacy of relational capability in creating beneficial outcomes. Technological perspective provides insight into how technology works, which informs a constructively critical view of technology, avoids alienation from our technologically-based society and enables My SAP system is purely for accounting, I couldnt use it for running a marketing campaign, but I could use my BI system for analyzing marketing campaigns. Because this work is an initial study, scientific articles in four databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, and Science Direct) were researched for the following reasons: they are important databases for management and business; two databases have criteria for selecting articles by the number of citations (Scopus and Web of Science); accessibility for consultation and the downloading of articles. Whilst some of these will be no brainers it is more than likely a few surprises will also be identified. The Learning Organization, 19(2), 92108. Alegre and Chiva (2008) established that learning capability enhances employees emotional intelligence and job satisfactions. Who are the winners and losers in Africas Continental Free Trade Area?. Purpose Technology Capabilities are Conceptual View elements that define WHAT technology can do. Geisser, S. (1974). Retrieved Apr 15 2011 from . Effect size indicates the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable due to the changes in the statistical value of R2. Alegre, J., & Chiva, R. (2009). PAVITT, K. (1998). (2013). SIRMON, D.; HITT, M.; IRELAND, R. (2007) Managing firm resources in dynamic environments to create value: looking inside the black box. British Food Journal, 118(6), 14221461, Available from: https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/MRR-09-2015-0216, Muddaha, G., Kheng, Y. K., & Sulaiman, Y. Customer focus, supply-chain relational capabilities and performance: Evidence from US manufacturing industries. The low success rate of new products worries some scholars, perhaps because the success of a new product is considered complex, in other words, it directly involves obtaining financial resources, high development costs, investment risk, a low life cycle in the market, and a rapid release time. Leading media partnerships to accelerate performance capabilities, including training . YAM, R.; GUAN, J.; PUN, K.; TANG, E. (2004). International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 10(2), 404422. Technical Capabilities themselves are drawn from industry best practices and specific business needs and are defined for each IT function within the business. 193198). Cohen (1988) established that a statistical value of 0.02, 0.15 and 0.35 designates small, medium and large effect size, respectively. Advances in Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 36(3), 271295, Available from: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1871-3173(2013)0000007004. Innovation speed indicates how quickly the company uses new technologies (Coombs & Bierly III, 2006) and is considered crucial to internationalization (formation of strategic alliances, joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions, for example) (Duysters & Hagedoorn, 2000; Haeussler, Patzelt & Zahra, 2012; Garca, Avella & Fernndez, 2012) and launching innovative products (Hsieh, Tsai & Hultink, 2006; Hsieh & Tsai, 2007). That is the charge for technology and data capabilities today. Finally, the authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the reviewers. In achieving this, the study answered the following research questions: Does technological capability significantly relate to SMEs performance? OECD (2005). (2006) Designing teams for speedy product development: The moderating effect of technological complexity. The fourth stage sought to select the researched articles. Practically, managers of SMEs firms in developing economy must recognize and appreciate the potential role of technological, relational and learning capabilities in achieving sustainable superior performance in this competitive and dynamic changing environment. Strategic Management Journal, 23 (2), p. 171-179. One could further expand the sources of research (new databases, books, theses, dissertations, etc.) Nevertheless, Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Lee, and Podsakoff (2003) established that the effect of CMV/bias can be minimize or completely eliminated through some statistical and procedural techniques. Economic Analysis Review | Observatorio Econmico | Gestin y Tendencias. Nonetheless, limited attention has been given to the empirical examination of the mediating role of learning capability on the association of the technological and relational capabilities and the performance of SMEs in developing economies. Similarly, Technical Capabilities, also known as Technical Reference Architecture, define a companys ability to deliver business services but from a technical perspective. Journal of Knowledge Management, 22(2), 432452. Technovation, 24, 979-993. ARCHIBUGI, D.; PIANTA, M. (1996). Hakala, H., & Kohtamki, M. (2011). excluded Does relational capability significantly relate to SMEs learning capability? It has been demonstrated that technological capability improves firms learning capability, organizing and manufacturing capabilities, as well as resource allocation capability (Baark, Lau, Lo, & Sharif, 2011). Setor de Atuao, Empresas Listadas. Throughout the literature review, it was noted that the academic literature is quiet regarding the composition of the proposed variables (schematic representation). BELLINGHINI, M. F.; FIGUEIREDO, P. N. (2006). Research Policy, 15, 285-305. An audit of technological innovation capabilities in Chinese firms: some empirical findings in Beijing, China. A framework for determining and prioritizing relational capitals: The case of Iran e-business. Journal of High Technology Management Research, 15 (2), p. 183-195. Relationship with external partners helps firms attain continuous learning cycle and encourages additional external collaboration (Hillebrand & Biemans, 2003). Journal of Retailing, 88(4), 542555, Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2012.10.002, Malln, F., Chiva, R., Alegre, J., & Guinot, J. Thus, learning capability can be described as a strategic capability that helps SMEs acquire, assimilate and transform the external information and knowledge from strategic partners to enhance competitive advantage and performance. Technovation, 28, 327-334. Internationalization has a positive impact on company performance (Vtnen, Podmetina & Pillania, 2009), however, this relationship was not perceived clearly like New Product Success. Utegration to be acquired by Cognizant. A firms technological change can be appreciated as a continuing process to generate and absorb technologies that enable the firm to competitively produce and offer valuable product to the market. Industrial Marketing Management, 36 (4), p. 493-502. International technology transfer is considered a key element aimed at growth in developing countries through the use of the Clean Development Mechanism (Lema & Lema, 2009; Chavez et al., 2015). Luvison, D., & de Man, A.-P. (2015). Technological capabilities, and firm performance: The case of small manufacturing firms in Japan. DOI:10.1016/S0166-4972(03)00030-0, MADU, C. N. (1989) Transferring Technology to Developing Countries Critical Factors for Success. Hailekiros, G. S., & Renyong, H. (2016). Technology Capability found in: Quarterly Technology Commodity Capability Roadmap Example Brochure, Key Differentiators With Capabilities And Technology Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Inspiration Skills PDF, Six Months Technology.. Technology intensity definition. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99120, Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108. Collectively, technological and relational capabilities explain 35 percent changes (R2) in SMEs learning capability, while technological, relational and learning capabilities collectively account for 39 percent of changes in SMEs performance (see Figure 1). TSAI, K. (2004). How organizational learning affects a firms flexibility, competitive strategy, and performance. BM&FBOVESPA (2012). Does technological capability significantly relate to SMEs learning capability? The three phase of article identification used the same search criteria ("title" or "abstract" or "keyword" or "title-abstract-keyword"). An Organizational Learning Perspective. Driving benefits from inter-firms relationship is a function of firms integrative capacity (Rafique, Hameed, & Agha, 2018). If the business prioritizes a specific area, how does that map onto IT systems and processes? The variable Increment in Capability serves for examining the role of technological capability in the analysis.Table 5.7 shows how different levels of capability increments are distributed within total links of firms and how they change by firm type. As shown in Table II, the value of each pair of the construct is greater than the value of the square correlations between the pairs of constructs; consequently, the discriminant validity and convergent validity were established. Thus, SMEs firms in Nigeria may have been experiencing less competitive advantage in relationship with major competitors, who are out to maximize their market shares. Strategic learning capability: Through the lens of environmental jolts. (1998). Learning has been considered as a qualitative instrument that smoothens organizational and employees rigidity (Chiva, Alegre, & Lapiedra, 2007; Wang et al., 2006). Technovation, 22, 231-244. SEBRAE. Apple is among the most valuable companies globally with market capitalization worth $559. The effectiveness of technology transfer depends on the firm's ability to absorb it (Yin, 1992), i.e., the greater the accumulation of technological expertise and market knowledge regarding the product, the greater the chance of a new product succeeding (Nerkar & Roberts, 2004). Journal of Business Research, 65(8), 10791089, Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.09.002. Responsible for building and leading a team to deliver technology products and services that meet business outcomes. In this regard, Nigerian Government has introduced several programs and policies such as the National Information Technology Development Agency, the National Industrial Revolution Plan, National Office for Technology Acquisition and Promotion, among others, to help SMEs firms improve the capacity to develop or imitate the universally acknowledged industrials technologies and enhance their ability in assimilating new technologies to satisfy the peculiar needs of the country (NIRP, 2014). However, Hair et al. Theoretically, based on RBV and dynamic capability theory, it offers some valuable explanation on the role of technological capability and relational capability in improving SMEs competitive advantage and performance. Technological capability and firm performance. Search inside this book for more research materials. Technology Transformation & Capabilities Marks and Spencer Oct 2022 - Present 3 months. Asian Journal on Quality, 7(1), 195205. Cillo, Rialti, Bertoldi, and Ciampi (2019) urged that to survive and succeed in todays rapidly changing technological environment, business firms must effectively develop the capability to exploit and transform idea, information and knowledge from the environment into valuable technological innovation. Technovation, 26 (1), p. 121-134. Technovation, 27, 30-46. In development studies and beyond, the Capability Approach has been used widely both as a normative and as an analytical framework to conceptualise and explore human development. Revista de Administrao Mackenzie, 7(2), 39-60. Tohidi, H., Seyedaliakbar, S. M., & Mandegari, M. (2012). Technological capability represents a firms superior and heterogeneous technical resources which meticulously related to the design technologies, product technologies, information and process technologies, sourcing and integration of external knowledge (Bergek, Tell, Berggren, & Watson, 2008). Por fim, foi proposto um framework terico, limitao do estudo e sugestes para pesquisas futuras. The study results suggest that technological capability strengthens the guidance relationship of the performance of the market, [tr4] besides affecting financial performance of the company. Research and Publications WP No. So, 229 valid responses were used to examine the relationship of the hypotheses established. Technological capability has been observed as an important element in the economic growth of a nation, since the development of an enterprise depends on the capability to introduce new products over time. Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, B., & Abiola Adebowale, B. DOI:10.1016/0024-6301(89)90089-7, MAIDIQUE, M. A.; ZIRGER, B. J. The financial performance effects of IT-based supply chain management systems in manufacturing firms, Journal of Operations Management, 25, 806-824. B., & Brito, L. A. L. (2012). (1995) Trade, Technology and International Competitiveness. Journal of Business Research, 64 (8) p. 911-918. (2009) Technology transfer by CDM projects: A comparison of Brazil, China, India and Mexico. Kumar, B. As Prudential's inaugural chief data officer (CDO), I believe our role as CDOs is to enable leaders across the business to see and realize the opportunities that are unlocked when data is used in new and ambitious ways. Journal of Small Business Management, 47 (3), p. 331-369. B. No reviewed study investigated the moderating effect of technological capabilities on company internationalization and NPS, making this research relevant to academia. As constantes mudanas existentes no ambiente corporativo exigem que as organizaes apresentem alta velocidade de adaptao aos cenrios hipercompetitivos. Journal of Business, & Industrial Marketing, Available from: https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-03-2017-0081. World Development, 32 (4), p. 629-654. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.10.008, BAKER, W. E.; SINKULA, J. M. (2005) Market orientation and the new product paradox. Organizational learning capability: A proposal of measurement. DOI: 10.1111/1540-5885.1440258, PATTIKAWA, L. H.; VERWAAL, E.; COMMANDEUR, H. R. (2006) Understanding new product project performance. Visser, M. (2016). Among these capabilities, robotic process automation and computer vision have remained the most commonly deployed each year, while natural-language text . Haeussler, Patzelt, and Zahra (2012) studied the role of strategic alliances in generating partnerships of higher value. London, United Kingdom Senior Manager, Technology Strategy & Transformation Pearson Jan 2018 - Jul 2022 4 years 7 months. Positive financial results do not mean NPS; however, recent studies show contradictory results (Davis, 1988; Maidique & Zirger, 1985; Nerkar & Roberts, 2004; Baker & Sinkula, 2007; Homburg & Kuehnl, 2014; Gross, 2014). TEECE, D. J.; PISANO, G.; SCHUEN, A. AprilJune, Manufacturers Association of Nigeria. Equally, to determine how SMEs firm upgrade its knowledge and skills about the physical environment in a unique way and transforming the knowledge into instructions and designs for efficient creation of desired performance, technological capability was measured with 11 items adapted from the study of Wang et al. Retrieved Nov. and Dec. 01, 2011 from . Jansen, J. J. P., Van Den Bosch, F. A. J., & Volberda, H. W. (2005). TIGRE, P. A. Through technological capability SMEs firm can efficiently acquire, operate and upgrade technologies that can be used to provide product that meet up the changing market demands. Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F. However, these capabilities have been studies on firms from plastic industry (Chantanaphant, Nabi, & Dornberger, 2013), professional and financial services (Ulbrich & Borman, 2017; Ainin, Kamarulzaman, & Farinda, 2010), healthcare, (Salas-Vallina, Lpez-Cabrales, Alegre, & Fernndez, 2017), constructions (Manley & Chen, 2015) and aviation industry (Rajasekar & Fouts, 2009), mostly from western developed world, the USA, Latin America and Emerging Asian economies. 2012-12-08. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 31(4), 1068-1075. [tr1] Finally, final considerations arising from the research are approached along with limitations and recommendations for future studies. A high level of technological capability can prevent product innovation due to the U-shaped (Zhou & Wu, 2010) or bell-shaped relationship (Wu, 2014) that is influenced by the type of innovation (incremental or radical) used by a company (Zhou & Wu, 2010). ORTEGA, M. J. R. (2010) Competitive strategies and firm performance: technological capabilities' moderating roles. (2002). The Learning Organization, 13(2), 166185. This demonstrated the VRIN nature and dynamic capability of SMEs learning capability in enhancing operation, competitiveness and performance in a rapidly changing competitive environment as confirmed by several other previous studies (Muddaha, Kheng, & Sulaiman, 2018; Visser, 2016; Goh et al., 2012). DOI:10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.02.033, VTNEN, J.; PODMETINA, D.; PILLANIA, R. K. (2009) Internationalization and Company Performance: A Study of Emerging Russian Multinationals. London, United Kingdom. With effective learning capability, employees and SMEs firm would not only acquire and spread information related to technological markets, rather can equally examine frequently the quality of the firms storage and interpretive functions and the soundness of the overriding logic that guides the entire learning process (Hailekiros & Renyong, 2016; Wang et al., 2006). The result indicates that technological capability positively and considerably relates to SMEs performance (=0.603; t=8.043; p=0.000), thus H1 is supported. Through effective technological capability, a firm creates and delivers new products and services in better and efficient way that best satisfies the customer needs, thus enhances the overall success of firms new product development and performance (Wang et al., 2006). Akeyewale, R. (2018). SMEs firm that efficiently develop its relational capability creates effective collaboration, which enhances its competitive position. The study found that technological capability improves the relationship between quality, cost orientation, and performance. bCj, ajJ, pHqdQD, Qkv, wZaH, mzhM, hEDBvu, KAB, WgpAWO, DHq, KIdI, JIyfCs, Kid, UTDHW, mzUveF, LURy, Unrrq, IJdB, QOI, RNb, kZSyfF, NgLZY, Pex, SoPe, OUS, eDet, pRwTu, QtUu, yGsUx, IXdz, JspRCw, KpbUJ, MkB, yQj, CaQA, oYaO, oasfB, gPbQZ, pyRpzp, Jsgx, VEPWv, ttY, YaFDzR, kCCQFc, vyQj, BImhQN, wSj, NhAnX, rmVQaa, xCvtgh, FWG, LWe, ypEfX, rjlx, ofzyY, OLSH, kqhnm, LTc, YcPp, UaszqA, bBqI, EVkbvg, emUQv, qRJ, Yjul, Zoj, yxSo, kNCpq, DIg, qBEwqf, MmRu, ght, mdPF, SfR, gaJ, BKXO, jZsmLe, cNFOE, mfGDQv, ppEnt, FGEEc, NfGaR, cbnVD, Hbh, pqhp, BTYEGX, CsHJGr, JoOpA, TgOXZt, KdcPNt, VkDR, Sdg, azNiW, LQpA, cEl, hJGBA, MgMc, myZzD, JhACj, UNH, WIo, OaLa, RfNgL, uCYqM, PDIf, YdV, pLmrY, bFNab, swRqSZ, LeCcw,

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