The electric fields are associated with imaginary lines known as electric field lines. Due to this, an interaction of their electric fields takes place. low potential. What are rules for drawing electric field lines? Their shapes are not random but follow certain, 1. 3) The net electric field inside a Conductor is Zero. 2) Two electric field lines can never intersect each other. If two objects have different charges, they attract (or pull towards) each other. 3) The net electric field inside a Conductor is Zero. To draw electric field lines, the following rules need to be followed. The Zeroth law of thermodynamics states that any system which is isolated from the rest will evolve so as to maximize its own internal energy. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The field lines should never crossover. #6)# Electric field lines terminate Perpendicularly to the surface of a conductor. This separation of charge is the reason for the collection of effects we call static electricity. #1)# Electric field lines are always drawn from High potential to We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The rules for drawing electric field lines for any static configuration of charges are. Bending of the lines of force takes place when different charges carrying particles attract each other. #3)# The net electric field inside a Conductor is Zero. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Therefore, the electric lines of forces can be drawn based on their properties. The electric field lines always extend from positive charges and the direction is outwards from the charge while for negative charge field lines are directed towards the charge. The third rule for drawing involves the intersection of lines. Consequently, bending of the electric field lines happens when like charges carrying particles repel each other. The size of the force varies inversely as the square of the distance between the two charges. 2. Electric field lines: Electric field lines are an outstanding way of imagining electric fields. Get subscription and access unlimited live and recorded courses from Indias best educators. They are equally spaced. Ans:When charged particles get close, they begin to exert force on each other. The conventions are there to establish one important occurrence: that the electric field lines must communicate the greatest amount of information possible regarding the electric field around a charged object. What happens when two electric field lines cross? The conventions are simply established in order that electric field line patterns communicate the greatest amount of information about the nature of the electric field surrounding a charged object. Figure 5.31 Three typical electric field diagrams. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. 1 Answer. What is the definition of an electric field line? Electric field lines start at positive charges 2. Rules for drawing field lines: Electric field lines begin on positive charges and end on negative charges, or at infinity. Will bits of paper be attracted to a charged rod? The lines are symmetrical entering or leaving an isolated point. Rules for drawing electric field lines. When you rub a plastic comb against your hair? The rules for electric field lines are given. 3) The net electric field inside a Conductor is Zero. The field line begins at the charge and ends either at the charge or at infinity. If they did, they would be telling you that the force on a charge at that location would point in two different directions, which does not make any sense at all. What electric field lines mean and the 4 rules for drawing the electric field lines correctly, with an example. Electric lines of force never intersect each other because, at the point of intersection, two tangents can be drawn to the two lines of force. What is the formula of electric field lines? Will a negatively charged particle, initially at rest in an electric field, tend to move toward a region of lower electric potential if released? One of the most important things to keep in mind is that the field line begins at the charge and ends either at the charge or at infinity. Many conventions pertain to drawing electric field lines. If this happens, then two distinctly varying values of electric field must be there along their own respective direction. Two field lines never intersect each other. Also, the number of field lines depends on the charge. The bits of paper are electrically neutral, but when you bring the rod close to them, even though paper is not a conductor, that is, the charges within it are not free to move about as a current, the negative charges have enough mobility that they are repelled by the rod. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. So, the objects with greater charge lead to the creation of stronger electric fields. As such, the electric field cannot have two directions at a particular point. The intersection of field lines with each other is not possible. In electrostatics the rules for drawing field lines are: (a) Electric field lines begin on positive charges and end on negative charges, or at infinity. An electric field line is an imaginary line or curve drawn through a region of empty space so that its tangent at any point is in the direction of the electric field vector at that point. These lines originate from positive charge and terminate at a negative charge. Estimate the energy density of nuclear fuels (in terrawatt/kilogram, 1 terrawatt = 1e12 watt). Rules for drawing electric field lines. Download. In light of this importance, let us look at the three important rules for drawing electric field lines. These lines intersect equipotential surfaces in a perpendicular manner. Flag. 1 What are rules for drawing electric field lines? 4) Electric field line from a positive charge is drawn radially outwards and from a negative charge radially inwards. How does the strength of an object's electric field change with distance? How do you know the direction of an electric field? But this is impossible since electric fields add up vectorially at any point and remember that A field line is drawn tangential to the net electric field at a point. Explain. Yes. Choose a neighbourhood in an urban area (e.g., Rexdale, or in Chinatown, etc., in the City of Toronto) as the location for your study. We saw a few examples of electric fields. The rules for creating an electric field diagram are as follows. The comb, covered in negatively charged electrons, becomes negatively charged as well, and your hair is left with a positive charge. If a highly charged object is surrounded by more lines, communication of electric field strength can take place effectively in the space surrounding the charged object. Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. A common convention often used by experts is to cover more charged objects with more electric field lines. The purpose of this section is to enable you to create sketches of this geometry, so we will list the specific steps and rules involved in creating an accurate and useful . Zener diode is a form of diode that enables current to flow in one direction like a typical PN junction diode. 7 Are there two directions for an electric field? This in turn would suggest that the (net) force on a test charge placed at that point would point in two different directions. What is the size of the electic field inside a charged conductor? 6 Can electric field lines intersect in free space? Rules for Drawing Electric Field Lines. Mr. H explains what electric field lines are and how to draw them. This region is known Ans:When charged particles get close, they begin to exert force on each othe Access free live classes and tests on the app. Further, the relative density of field lines across a point to the comparative magnitude . It will help you understand the depths of this important device and help solve relevant questions. 2 Is it possible to cross two field lines? If the lines cross each other at a given location, then there must be two distinctly different values of electric field with their own individual direction at that given location. Bending of the lines of force takes place when different charges carrying particles attract each other. How does permittivity affect electric field intensity? How does electric field relate to voltage. 2) Two electric field lines can never intersect each other. This preview shows page 1 out of 1 page. In a uniform electric field, as the field strength does not change and the field lines tend to be parallel and equidistant to each other. Since a field line represents the direction of the field at a given point, if two field lines crossed at some point, that would imply that the electric field was pointing in two different directions at a single point. We saw a few examples of, electric fields. A uniform electric field is a field in which the value of the field strength remains the same at all points. In light of this importance, let us look at the three important rules for drawing electric field lines. (ii) In a charge-free region, electric field lines can be taken to be continuous curves without any breaks. 2) Two electric field lines can never intersect each other. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Drawing these lines is very important as it helps one to effectively visualise the electric fields. Rules for drawing electric field lines : 1) Electric field lines are always drawn from High potential . Note: Electric field can also be defined as the force acting per unit charge or the work done to bring a charge . But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Get all the important information related to the NEET UG Examination including the process of application, important calendar dates, eligibility criteria, exam centers etc. Electric field lines end at negative charges 3. Young's modulus is a measure of the elasticity or extension of a material when it's in the form of a stressstrain diagram. A second rule involves drawing the lines of force that are perpendicular to the objects surfaces. End of preview. 1) Electric field lines are always drawn from High potential to. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. When the field is stronger, the field lines are closer to each other. Also, we can understand that the number of field lines depends on the charge. Is gravity an action-at-a-distance force? Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. 2) Two electric field lines can never intersect each other. Where the field lines are close together the field is strongest; where the field lines are far apart the field is weakest. The density of lines at any point (the number of lines per unit . The field lines for electrostatic fields generally begin on a positive source and end on a negative source, or begin on a positive source and go off to infinity, or come in from infinity and end on a negative source. Every single location in space has its own electric field strength and direction associated with it. When the field is stronger, the field lines are closer to each other. (This is easy to see in Fig. The electric field strength is exactly proportional to the number of field lines per unit area, since the magnitude of the electric field for a point charge is E=k|Q|r2 E = k | Q | r 2 and area is proportional to r2. 1) Electric field lines are always drawn from High potential to. Determine the electric flux for a Gaussian surface that contains 100 million electrons. Consequently, bending of the electric field lines happens when like charges carrying particles repel each other. Electric field and electric field line are . The field lines that do not terminate at q q emanate outward from the charge configuration, to infinity. Rules for Drawing Electric Field Patterns. The electric fields are associated with imaginary lines known as electric field lines. If the lines are uniformly-spaced and parallel, the field is uniform. Can a field line have a unique direction? This means two directions of the electric field at the point of intersection, which is not possible. How will a negatively charged particle initially at rest in an electric field tend to move? Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. This means two directions of the electric field at the point of intersection, which is not possible. The second rule involves drawing the lines perpendicular to the surfaces of objects. Flag question: Question 2 Question 2 10pts A magnetic field is caused by a _______ electric charge. We saw a few examples of electric fields. Their shapes are not The electric fields are associated with imaginary lines known as electric field lines. Tangent drawn to an electric line gives us the direction of the electric field. This region is known by physicists as the middle region. Yes, a charged body attracts an uncharged body as the oppositely charged bodies attract each other. The number of lines entering or leaving a charge is proportional to the magnitude of the charge. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. What is it called when two materials are rubbed together? Electric Field basically tells the region around a charge where its effect can be felt. Mathematically, the electric field at a point is equal to the force per unit charge. The tangent at any point on the electric field line provides us with the electric field direction at that point. When the positively charged rod is brought near the neutral paper, it induces a negative charge on the side of the paper nearer to the rod. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Lines are drawn symmetrically leaving or entering a charge. Pin It. Electric lines of force never intersect because, at the point of intersection, two tangents can be drawn to the two lines of force. This way, we can understand that when the field is stronger, the field lines are closer to each other. At this point, the tangent to the electric field line bouts the direction of the electric field at that point. In this regard, the drawings of these lines are very useful to visualise. The density of lines at any point (the number of lines per unit . When charged particles get close, they begin to exert force on each other. Their shapes are not. 22-3 where the lines are straight, but we'll see some curved lines soon (2) In Inspection of Fig. It is named after Thomas Young. Ans: The converging or diverging of the electric field lines would begin if a charged particle appears in its pathway. 3) The net electric field inside a Conductor is Zero. At the surface of objects, there is never an electric force component whose direction is parallel to the surface. (b) Lines are drawn symmetrically leaving or entering a charge. (a) A dipole. Transcribed image text: Question 1: Drawing Electric Field Lines There are three rules for electric field lines: 1. The rules for creating an electric field diagram are as follows. Step 2. Commercial Photography: How To Get The Right Shots And Be Successful, Nikon Coolpix P510 Review: Helps You Take Cool Snaps, 15 Tips, Tricks and Shortcuts for your Android Marshmallow, Technological Advancements: How Technology Has Changed Our Lives (In A Bad Way), 15 Tips, Tricks and Shortcuts for your Android Lollipop, Awe-Inspiring Android Apps Fabulous Five, IM Graphics Plugin Review: You Dont Need A Graphic Designer, 20 Best free fitness apps for Android devices. Due to this, an interaction of their electric fields takes place. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Following are the rules for drawing electric field lines: The field line begins at the charge and ends either at the charge or at infinity. The electric lines of forces are perpendicular to the charged surface. Answer: its not necessary for a charged body actually to touch the ball of the electroscope for the leaves to diverge. Download our apps to start learning, Call us and we will answer all your questions about learning on Unacademy. (c) The number of lines entering or leaving a charge is proportional to the magnitude of the charge. The charge's magnitude was directly proportional to the number of field lines. This is because when the field is stronger, the field lines are closer to each other. What are rules for drawing electric field lines? Note: It is possible for two lines representing the same potential to cross. Ans: A tangent at any point on a field line provides us with the direction of the electric field at that point. Realtec have about 29 image published on this page. It is a vector quantity, i.e., it has both magnitude and direction. Field-Line Patterns The relative magnitude of the electric field is proportional to the density of the field lines. There are a variety of conventions and rules to drawing such patterns of electric field lines. Being evenly spaced means that at all points, the electric field would have the same direction and magnitude. Electric field lines leave positive charges and enter negative, 2. The direction of the field is taken to be the direction of the force it would exert on a positive test charge. Get answers to the most common queries related to the NEET UG Examination Preparation. Consequently, the lines representing the field cannot cross each other at any given location in space. This is never a possibility. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. 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This takes place at the locations where the lines are connected to the surfaces of the object. 1) Electric field lines are always drawn from High potential to low potential. The field lines originating are always perpendicular to the surface of the charge. This is known as the force of attraction. This is because there is a temptation to break this rule for situations that involve a configuration of charges. These tangents are at the intersection point. The side close to the charged rod has the opposite charge as the rod, thus is attracted to the rod. The rules for drawing electric fields lines are these: (1) At any point, the elec- tric field vector must be tangent to the electric field line through that point and in the same direction. If electric field lines are permitted to cross each other, then this would throw the whole system into disarray. For a system of charges, the electric field is the region of interaction . Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The number of field lines depends on the charge. Just like the first rule, the second rule also relies on the principle that the field line begins at the charge and ends either at the charge or at infinity. If they do, it implies that there are two directions for the electric field at that point. ), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laGSICm_agM. Press ESC to cancel. When this happens, then electric field lines lose their continuity. Select 5 sites in this area that you will visit, Question 1 10pts Alternating Current (AC)is the _________ flow of electric charge. The starting of the electric field lines is from the positive charge, while their ending is at the negative charge. Ans:The properties of the electric field lines are as follows: When you touch the charged object with the ball, some electrons flow from the body to the ball and you can observe a deflection in the electroscope. This starting location can be found within the field. These lines can either be curved or straight in nature. When Q is a POSITIVE number (as it is when you have a POSITIVELY charged particle), the direction of the electric field is the same as the direction of the force experienced by the particle. The number of field lines depends on the charge. (d) At large A field line is created tangentially to the net at a point. The force experienced by a very small test charge q placed in a field E in a vacuum is given by E = F/q, where F is the force experienced. Electric field lines cannot cross. Drawing these lines is very important as it helps one to effectively visualise the electric fields. The number of lines drawn emerging from or terminating on a charge . NEET 2022 Answer Key Link Here, Download PDF, Kerala Plus One Result 2022: DHSE first year results declared, UPMSP Board (Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad), Information regarding the quantity of charge on the source charge, Information regarding the density of lines at a particular location in space, Informationregarding the electric field strength at that location. Unacademy is Indias largest online learning platform. The properties of the electric field lines are as follows: These lines tend to vanish inside the conductor due to the fact that the electric field inside a conductor equals zero. This causes one object to become positively charged (the electron loser) and the other object to become negatively charged (the electron gainer). An electric field line begins with a positive charge and terminates with a negative charge. Friction is a resistance against the movement of an object as a result of its contact with another object. What do the lines represent in an electric field diagram? The relative closeness of the lines at some place gives an idea about the intensity of electric field at that point. Electric field is a vector quantity whose direction is defined as the direction that a positive test charge would be pushed when placed in the field. The density of lines that surround any given object reveals the following information: One must always keep in mind when following this drawing rule that the field line begins at the charge and ends either at the charge or at infinity. Therefore, if the distance between the two charges is doubled, the attraction or repulsion becomes weaker, decreasing to one-fourth of the original value. The lines begin on positive charges and terminate on negative charges. The electric field is defined as the force per unit charge exerted on a small positive test charge placed at that point. Problem-Solving Strategy: Drawing Electric Field Lines. This means that when you rubbed the plastic comb along your hair, your hair resisted the movement of the comb and slowed it down. #2)# Two electric field lines can never intersect each other. (b) Two identical charges. The concept of electric field lines, and of electric field line diagrams, enables us to visualize the way in which the space is altered, allowing us to visualize the field. Electric field lines definition An electric field line is, in general, a curve drawn in such a way that the tangent to it at each point is in the direction of the net field at that point. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". There are three important rules for drawing electric field lines. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Share. How can the strength of an electric field be quantified? Rules for drawing electric field lines.docx - Rules for drawing electric field lines. Start at positive (+) charges or at infinity; 2. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Since unlike charges attract each other, the paper will be attracted to the rod. Fusioncombines __ nuclei into ___ nuclei. A useful means of visually representing the vector nature of an electric field is through the use of electric field lines of force. Are there two directions for an electric field? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. A positively charged rod is brought near a piece of paper. The bits of paper become polarized because the atoms in the paper have formed dipoles. The field lines should never crossover. Electric Field Lines: An electric field is a region around a charge where other charges can feel its influence. The electric field is radially outward from a positive charge and radially in toward a negative point charge. 8 What is the definition of an electric field line? The first rule involves covering more charged objects with more electric field lines. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Here, they would be evenly spaced. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. A pattern of several lines are drawn that extend between infinity and the source charge or from a source charge to a second nearby charge. The field line begins at the charge and ends either at the charge or at infinity. How does electric field affect capacitance? Electric field is defined as the electric force per unit charge. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. A uniformly. Ans: The electric field is uniform in the region where electric field lines are equally spaced. A field line is a locus that can be defined using a vector field and a starting location. How do lightning rods serve to protect buildings from lightning strikes? Whenever the lines are near enough, the field is strong; so when field lines move apart, the field is weak. Estimate the energy density of nuclear fuels (in terrawatt/kilogram, 1 terrawatt = 1e12 watt). How do you calculate electric field strength? In this regard, the drawings of these lines are very useful to visualise and representingelectric fieldsaround charged objects. Step 1. 22-9 and of the field lines . Is it necessary for a charged body to actually touch the ball? Electric field points from higher potential to lower potential and negatively charged particle always moves towards higher potential. The rules for drawing electric field lines are summarized in Table 17 3 Note from MATH 101 at Lakota West High School Electric field lines either originate on positive charges or come in from infinity, and either terminate on negative charges or extend out to infinity. If t Ans: The converging or diverging of the electric field lines would begin if a charged particle appears in its pathwa Ans: The electric field is uniform in the region where electric field lines are equally spaced. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. View Rules+for+Drawing+Electric+Field+Lines.pdf from ENGLISH eng3 at Travis H S. Rules for Drawing Electric Field Lines 1. The field line begins at the charge and ends either at the charge or at infinity. Where is the electric field most uniform? It does not store any personal data. Why is the electric field inside a conductor zero? (If they did,the field at the point of intersection will not have a unique direction, which is absurd. What are the rules for drawing electric field lines? Rules for Drawing Electric Field Lines. The rules used for drawing electric field lines are discussed below: For positive charge, electric field lines always start at their surface and go up to infinity, for negative charge it starts from infinity and ends at its surface. An electric field line is an imaginary line or curve drawn through a region of empty space so that its tangent at any point is in the direction of the electric field vector at that point. Electric field lines can never cross Draw the electric field lines for the following three charge distributions: 4) Electric field line from a positive charge is drawn radially outwards and from a negative charge radially inwards. Why do two lines of force never meet each other? #4)# Electric field line from a positive charge is drawn radially outwards and from a negative charge radially inwards. An arrow on the curve is obviously necessary to specify the direction of electric field from the two possible directions indicated by a tangent to the curve. View Rules for drawing electric field lines.docx from SCIENCE SCITECS at De La Salle University. Problem-Solving Strategy: Drawing Electric Field Lines. The Sexual Self_ GEC 001-CS11S3 - Understanding the Self.pdf, 6 Is the following machine information lossless If yes find the order of, We will pay close attention to the requests of our clients and act on them as, INT 220 Module Two Assignment LoreenOConnell_Final.docx, SHOULD INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: given, formula, complete solution and provide UNIT ANALYSIS 1. Electric field lines either originate on positive charges or come in from infinity, and either terminate on negative charges or extend out to infinity. The relative closeness of the lines at some place gives an idea about the intensity of electric field at that point. #5)# The density of electric field lines tells the strength of the electric field at that region. 4) Electric field line from a positive charge is drawn radially outwards and from a negative charge radially . Michael Faraday first discovered them. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Since a field line represents the direction of the field at a given point, if two field lines crossed at some point, that would imply that the electric field was pointing in two different directions at a single point. Following are the rules for drawing electric field lines: The field line begins at the charge and ends either at the charge or at infinity. If there is an intersection of the two field lines to each other, then we would get two tangents. What would it mean if two electric field lines were to cross? This stands for both the following types of objects: The direction of the electric force, as well as the electric field, is always perpendicular to the objects surface. Several examples are included.You can find . The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Electric field lines are perpendicular to the charge on the surface. Thus, electric field lines can never intersect one another. Can a charged body attract an uncharged body. Due to this, the field lines never intersect with each other. Thus, the electric field direction about a positive source charge is always directed away from the positive source. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Want to read the entire page. In (c), however, we draw three times as many field lines leaving the +3q + 3 q charge as entering the q q. Solved Electric field lines for several objects are shown Chegg com. The third rule pertains to the intersection of lines. Ans:The properties of the electric field lines are as follows: Ans: A tangent at any point on a field line provides us with the direction of the electric field at that point. The electric field lines always extend from positive charges and the direction is outwards from the charge while for negative charge field lines are directed towards the charge. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Explain the purpose of an electric field diagram Describe the relationship between a vector diagram and a field line diagram Explain the rules for creating a field diagram and why these rules make physical sense Sketch the field of an arbitrary source charge Find and download Rules For Drawing Electric Field Lines image, wallpaper and background for your Iphone, Android or PC Desktop. Lines are drawn symmetrically leaving or entering a charge. End at negative (-) This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. The pattern of lines, sometimes referred to as electric field lines, point in the direction that a positive test charge would . The dielectric constant is function of temperature frequency. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Electric Field basically tells the region around a charge where its effect can be felt. The more field lines in an area the more the strength of the electric . Can two electric field lines intersect if not why? Electric field lines reveal information about the direction (and the strength) of an electric field within a region of space. How will the electrostatic force on two charged objects change if the distance is doubled? Alternating Current (AC)is the _________ flow of electric charge. What is the second rule of drawing electric field lines? 4) Electric field line from a positive charge is drawn radially outwards and from a negative charge radially . When two different materials are rubbed together, there is a transfer of electrons from one material to the other material. Can electric field lines intersect in free space? In the equation E=F/Q, E and F are vector quantities, meaning they have a direction. Rules for drawing field lines: Electric field lines begin on positive charges and end on negative charges, or at infinity. The number of lines entering or leaving a charge is proportional to the magnitude of the charge. (iii) Two field lines can never cross each other. 4 What would it mean if two electric field lines were to cross? When two surfaces are rubbed together there is friction between them. October 20, 2022 September 30, 2022 by George Jackson A second rule for drawing electric field lines involves drawing the lines of force perpendicular to the surfaces of objects at the locations where the lines connect to object's surfaces. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. In this regard, the following points must be kept in mind: The point that field lines must never cross is very important when drawing electric field lines. Learn about the basics, applications, working, and basics of the zener diode. Incidentally, electric fields have a real physical existence, and are not just theoretical constructs invented by physicists to get around the problem of the transmission of electrostatic forces through vacuums. The electric field lines would be parallel in the parallel plate capacitors central region. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". 5 Why do two lines of force never meet each other? The SI unit of electric field strength is newtons per coulomb (N/C) or volts per meter (V/m). 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