7. Plantar calcaneal enthesophyte is a growth that happens a where These findings support the theory that plantar calcaneal spurs may be an adaptive response to vertical compression of the heel rather than longitudinal traction at the calcaneal enthesis. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research4(Suppl 1):S13-S16, September 2014. Further the presence or absence of the calcaneal spur, an important feature on the posterior (dorsal) and inferior (plantar) surfaces, was studied in detail [Table 2]. A posterior calcaneal spur, also known . 2008 Sep;58(9):2694-9. doi: 10.1002/art.23755. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the M77.32 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. This site of attachment is called enthesis, and its inflammation is known as enthesopathy. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. What is a calcaneal enthesophyte? Prichasuk and Subhadrabandhu[7] found the calcaneal spur in 15.5% of the normal population (n = 400) and 65.9% of patients with plantar heel pain (n = 82) leading them to suggest it to be one of the causes of heel pain, others being excessive weight gain, ageing and gender. Some error has occurred while processing your request. Ultrasonographic study of Achilles tendon and plantar fascia in chondrocalcinosis. The apex of the spur is embedded in the plantar fascia, directly anterior to its origin. Riepert et al. It is the first bone of the foot to ossify. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Although we strive to deliver accurate and up-to-date information, no guarantee to that effect is made. [18] found on plain X-ray, that 39 out of 52 painful heels (75%) and 24 out of 38 opposite nonpainful heels (63%) showed plantar spurs, compared with 5 of 63 (7.9%) heels in 59 age- and sex-matched controls. Diagnosis and treatment of plantar fasciitis. Any calcaneum looking pathological on general examination was discarded from the study. may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed 2019 Jun 17;59(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s42358-019-0066-8. No amount of treatment can beat prevention. Therefore, most frequently encountered Type I calcanei is also associated with the highest frequency of calcaneal spurs whether dorsal or plantar or both. Banadda et al. Please try again soon. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal 500 results found. Rheumatology (Oxford). Like osteophytes, enthesophyte formations take several weeks to months to . The incidence of plantar spurs was lowest (6.5%) in our study and that of dorsal spurs was highest (15.5%) as compared to Resnick et al. Symmetrical reversed plantar calcaneal spurs in children. The sources cited below consist of evidence from peer-reviewed journals, prominent medical organizations, academic associations, and government data. "Liddell and Scott's Greek-English Lexicon"; Rev. The 2023 edition of ICD-10-CM M77.32 became effective on October 1, 2022. What is the essence of making a thin smear. Similarly, Weiss[11] also found an increased incidence of dorsal spurs. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Solitary Plasmacytoma of the Calcaneum: A Case Report. [20] also reported a higher frequency of the calcaneal spur formation in individuals with abductor digiti minimi atrophy. It is located on the heel bone and it develops due to repeated deposits of calcium on the bone spur (osteophyte) of the heels. Showing 1-25: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code M77.30 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Calcaneal spur, unspecified foot. The incidence of AEs was 63.6% (21 feet) in the SpA group and 54.1% (20 feet) in the trauma group (p = 0.45). This study aimed to clarify the incidences and risk factors of Achilles enthesophyte (AE) and plantar entesophye (PE) in SpA and trauma patients. 1997;56:8590, 3. The dorsal spurs are often associated with achilles Tendinopathy, while spurs under the sole are associated with Plantar fasciitis. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! 19691st ed Philadelphia, London, Toronto WB Saunders Company:286, 5. Wiki User 2014-05-14 22:16:59. Data is temporarily unavailable. A normal variant? Explanations. 1992;13:3524, 14. 1996;34:2946, 20. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. Resnick D, Feingold ML, Curd J, Niwayama G, Goergen TG. For information on cookies and how you can disable them visit our Privacy and Cookie Policy. Menz HB, Zammit GV, Landorf KB, Munteanu SE. Epub 2017 Oct 6. This stretch loosens up the fascia along the bottom of your feet, helping to relieve pain in your heel. Achilles enthesitis; Plantar fasciitis; Spondyloarthritis. 2004 Jan;23(1):123-44. doi: 10.1016/S0278-5919(03)00094-2. J Foot Ankle Res. More than 90 percent of people get better with nonsurgical treatments. eCollection 2019. 2012;22:1259, 12. injections are used also to treat enthesophyte, but only relieves Gerster et al. Bookshelf Gerster JC, Vischer TL, Bennani A, Fallet GH. Cureus. [13] have reported 50% prevalence of calcaneal spurs in Zimbabwean hospital patients aged over 51 years. Preventing painful bone spurs. [9] found that participants with plantar calcaneal spurs were more likely to be obese. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. The incidence of calcaneal spurs has been directly linked to type of calcanei in this study. [14] have reported prevalence of plantar heel spur as 16.3% and 6.5% (increasing with age) for males and females, respectively, being significantly more frequent in females. 8600 Rockville Pike It can also affect your calcaneus, or heel bone. By continuing to use this website you are giving consent to cookies being used. Endoscopic treatment of plantar fasciitis leads to slightly enhanced recovery times compared with the traditional open release, but in the long term the results seem to be equivalent. Radiotherapy in painful heel spurs (plantar fasciitis) - Results of a national patterns of care study Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Efficacy and safety of secukinumab in patients with spondyloarthritis and enthesitis at the Achilles tendon: results from a phase 3b trial. Also called calcaneal or Lenoir's spine, the calcaneal enthesophyte is a bone growth located at the posterior part of the calcaneum, a bone located at the heel of the feet. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The plantar fascia inserted into the medial calcaneal process in two distinct layers, a superficial one originating from the posterior and. Where is this scripture located in the Kings James bible? The word enthesophyte combines the two Greek words enthesis, meaning an insertion, and phyton, meaning something that is grown, so a plantar calcaneal enthesophyte is a growth that occurs at the place where a tendon inserts into the heel bone on the bottom of the foot, according to the American Journal of Roentgenology 1. In this study, the incidence of presence of calcaneal spurs was higher (26.5%) compared to above workers [Table 3], except Menz et al. Li S, Wang K, Sun H, Luo X, Wang P, Fang S, Chen H, Sun X. 1976;119:1878, 6. The heel, knees, hips, fingers, toes, elbows, and backbone are. The information contained on this site is for informational purposes only, and should not be used as a substitute for the advice of a professional health care provider. Adv Rheumatol. . An inferior calcaneal spur, also known as a plantar heel spur, is located on the lower aspect of the heel which is situated superior to the plantar fascia insertion. Healey JE Jr, Seybold WD A Synopsis of Clinical Anatomy. Falsetti P, Frediani B, Acciai C, Baldi F, Filippou G, Prada EP, Sabadini L, Marcolongo R. Behrens F, Sewerin P, de Miguel E, Patel Y, Batalov A, Dokoupilova E, Kleinmond C, Pournara E, Shekhawat A, Jentzsch C, Wiedon A, Baraliakos X; ACHILLES study group. MeSH Calcaneus or os calcis forms a major component of the skeleton of foot providing posterior pillars for bony arches of the foot. gastrocnemius muscles to (plantar) flex your foot. Clinical effects of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy and ultrasound-guided local corticosteroid injections for plantar fasciitis in adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Gender might be a cofactor leading to spur formation and plantar heel pain. Calcaneal spurs in a black African population Foot Ankle. The areas where your tendons and ligaments attach to your bones are called entheses. Achilles tendinitis. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Comparatively a lesser and similar incidence was seen in Thailand[7] (15.5%) and the Caucasian population[8] (15.7%). MeSH terms Cadaver Calcaneus / diagnostic imaging Anterior to calcaneal tuberosity is an osteophytic outgrowth (calcaneal or heel spur or enthesophytes) extending along entire width, for about 2-2.5 cm. Weiss[11] also reported an increased frequency of spurs with age. They also found that dorsal spurs were more common in males up to the age of 70 years. Medicine (Baltimore). When I Stretch My Foot There Is a Hurting and Burning Sensation, National Center for Biotechnology Information: Evidence for a Distinctive Pattern of Bone Formation in Enthesophytes, Wiley: The Formation of Bony Spurs (Enthesophytes) in the Achilles Tendon, American Journal of Roentgenology: Disorders of the Plantar Aponeurosis. Golf ball roll. Surgery for Heel Spurs. [8] found that plantar spurs were more in females, while dorsal spurs were commoner in males. We can perform procedures either to release the plantar fascia, if the conditions are coexisting, or remove the spur under the heel. Enthesophyte formation occurs at the site of ligament and tendon insertions into bone. 1994;306:926, 8. No plantar spurs were found in Type III and IV calcanei. Distinct topography of erosion and new bone formation in achilles tendon enthesitis: implications for understanding the link between inflammation and bone formation in spondylarthritis. Menz et al. Calcaneal spur is also called as heel spur. Enthesopathy refers to a disorder involving the site of attachment or insertion of ligaments, tendons, fascia, or articular capsule into bone. Calcanei were labeled from 1 to 200 with suffix R (right) or L (left). FOIA Thus, substantiating the hypothesis of development of heel spur, which might be a skeletal response to stress. Plantar calcaneal spurs tend to usually occur in older men and women and may be related to obesity, osteoarthritis and current or previous heel pain. Continue for up to 1 minute. Search for Similar Articles Would you like email updates of new search results? This is the American ICD-10-CM version of M77.32 - other international versions of ICD-10 M77.32 may differ. Bassiouni[12] found that 81% patients of osteoarthritis had calcaneal spurs as compared with 21.6% of rheumatoid arthritis and 16.1% of control patients. The race is not given to the swift but to those that endure to the end. Heel pain-plantar fasciitis and Achilles enthesopathy. A high incidence of calcaneal spurs was found in Victoria, Australia[9] (55.1%) and in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu[10] (56%). sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal They also occur above the sturdy tissue that lines the bottom of the foot and sometimes in this tissue, according to Skeletal Radiology. Bassiouni M. Incidence of calcaneal spurs in osteo-arthrosis and rheumatoid arthritis, and in control patients Ann Rheum Dis. The word enthesophyte combines the two Greek words enthesis, meaning an insertion, and phyton, meaning something that is grown, so a plantar calcaneal enthesophyte is a growth that occurs at the place where a tendon inserts into the heel bone on the bottom of the foot, according to the American Journal of Roentgenology 1. The planter spurs also varied in length (range: 2-8 mm), but were always directed anteriorly due to the traction of the planter fascia. Objective measurements of calcaneal spur length and a subjective grading of spur size were recorded. Perumal A, Anand A. Morphometric study of spur formation in dry adult human calcaneae Int J Curr Res Rev. The .gov means its official. Hence, the study of calcaneal spurs has been undertaken. It may serve to protect the bone against the development of microfractures. to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without At Healthfully, we strive to deliver objective content that is accurate and up-to-date. Kullar, Jagdev Singh; Randhawa, Gurpreet Kaur1; Kullar, Keerat Kaur2, Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 1Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 2MBBS Student, SGRD Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India, Address for correspondence: Dr. Jagdev Singh Kullar, 338-D Block, Ranjit Avenue, Amritsar, Punjab, India. 1977;36:3438, 18. This study aimed to clarify the incidences and risk factors of Achilles enthesophyte (AE) and plantar entesophye (PE) in SpA and trauma patients. The multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for AEs and PEs were SpA and age. In the vast majority of cases, nonsurgical treatment methods are effective. Resnick et al. Plantar ailments are painful because the sole bears the whole weight of the body while walking. 2015 Nov-Dec;33(6):812-7. Explanations. An official website of the United States government. The calcaneal enthesophytes/spurs were studied in detail and classified according to types of calcaneum. Pathology Plantar calcaneal spurs are thought to be a result of enthesophytic changes involving the origin of the plantar aponeurosis 5 . Achilles bursitis. 8600 Rockville Pike Entheseous new bone reflects the bone's response to stress applied through these structures, such as ligamentous tearing or capsular traction (Figure 15-6 ). We retrospectively surveyed radiographs of the feet of SpA and trauma patients in our hospital. 2018 Jan;39(1):75-82. doi: 10.1177/1071100717732762. Micke O, Seegenschmiedt MH. An analysis of its x-ray morphology in 1027 patients of the central European population Rofo. modify the keyword list to augment your search. German Cooperative Group on Radiotherapy for Benign Diseases. Please try after some time. What is a calcaneal enthesophyte? [17] found that the incidence of calcaneal spurs was maximum in patients of osteoarthritis (56%), followed by Reiter's syndrome (37.4%), ankylosing spondylitis (31.2%) and rheumatoid arthritis (24%). 2013;5:926, 11. Association of Clinical and Radiological Features in Various Repetitive Stress Injuries. Generally it does not cause any problem to the person, but when the calcium deposits exceed certain level, it can cause complications. Objective: Achilles enthesitis and plantar fasciitis are the features of spondyloarthritis (SpA). [1] It supports the body's weight and acts as a calf muscle lever. He further opined that these probably represent variations in the normal development of the calcaneus. [9] (55.1%) and Perumal and Anand[10] (56% in Tamil Nadu). Highlight selected keywords in the article text. The dorsal spurs varied in the height (range: 3-11 mm) and were always directed superiorly due to pull of tendo calcaneus. Physiotherapy is treatment for enthesophyte. The site is secure. This can be performed through a variety of . Weiss E. Calcaneal spurs: Examining etiology using prehistoric skeletal remains to understand present day heel pain Foot (Edinb). This is caused by repeated micro-trauma at the insertion of the plantar fascia into the calcaneus leading to inflammation and tenderness under the medial heel during weightbearing activities. Copyright 2022 Leaf Group Ltd., all rights reserved. 19936th ed Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York, London, Buenos Aires, Hong Kong, Sydney, Tokyo Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, A Wolters Kluwer Company:5512, 2. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Probable etiology of calcaneal spurs and morbidity associated with it will also be discussed. Morphological study of posterior (dorsal spurs) and inferior (plantar spurs) surfaces of the calcanei was done. It develops as a response to plantar fasciitis over some time and may also be associated with ankylosing spondylitis especially in children. Both dorsal and plantar spurs [Figure 1] were encountered in 4.5% calcanei being 3% in Type I, 1% in Type II, and 0.5% in Type IV calcanei. PMC The SpA group had a higher prevalence of PEs than the trauma group (p < 0.01). The pointed bony outgrowth can cause immense pain in the foot region. Calcaneal Spurs: 5015 Bones, new growths of, benign. James M. Whiton, editor; 1871. There are a variety of described techniques for both conditions. If these areas become painful and inflamed, it's called enthesitis. Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource Plantar calcaneal enthesophytes occur at the calcaneal attachment point of the flexor digitorum brevis, a muscle that flexes the toes, and the abductor hallucis, a muscle that moves the big toe sideways away from the rest of the toes, according to the American Journal of Roentgenology 1. Caner C, Gne S, Gkmen D, Ataman , Kutlay . Rheumatol Int. Methods: The lateral heel radiographs of nineteen patients with a diagnosis of plantar fasciitis and nineteen comparison subjects with a lateral ankle ligament sprain matched for age and sex, were reviewed independently by two observers. Before Various calcaneal facets were classified into four types [Table 1] based on talar articular facets (constricted and not constricted), with incidence as follows: The incidence of Type I calcanei is maximum (72.5%) in the Indian population with least incidence of Type IV calcanei (0.5%). Prichasuk S, Subhadrabandhu T. The relationship of pes planus and calcaneal spur to plantar heel pain Clin Orthop Relat Res. government site. Plantar fasciitis and Achilles enthesopathy are two of the most common causes of posterior heel pain. Calcaneal spurs were found in 26.5% calcanei with incidence of 15.5% for dorsal spurs in the Punjab state of India (present study). Effectiveness of the Simultaneous Stretching of the Achilles Tendon and Plantar Fascia in Individuals With Plantar Fasciitis. In recalcitrant cases, surgery has been shown to be generally effective. What Are the Causes of Lateral Foot Pain? Plantar fasciitis: current diagnostic modalities and treatments. Plantar calcaneal enthesophyte is a painful ailment, which occurs at the place where a tendon inserts into the heel bone on the bottom of the feet. Plantar Fasciitis: 5276 Flatfoot acquired can be as much as 50%. Careers. The calcaneal spur is also known as the heel spur. The site is secure. [19] could not find any clear relationship between heel pain and the length, shape and direction of the calcaneal spur. [8] figures of 16% and 11% and 11.2% and 9.3%, respectively. Robinson HM. Objective: Maximum incidence of calcaneal spurs were found in Type I calcanei (11%) and no calcaneal spurs were found in Type III calcanei. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted MR imaging features of foot involvement in ankylosing spondylitis. This is the tissue under your foot arch. Enthesopathy refers to a disorder involving the site of attachment or insertion of ligaments, tendons, fascia, or articular capsule into bone. Correlation between type of calcanei and spurs has been studied for the 1st time. Bassiouni[12] found no significant intersexual difference in the incidence of calcaneal spurs. Riepert et al. It is caused by chronic inflammation of the plantar fascia which connects the heel to the toes and supports the entire foot. Riepert T, Drechsler T, Schild H, Nafe B, Mattern R. Estimation of sex on the basis of radiographs of the calcaneus Forensic Sci Int. 2007;20:9505, 16. The incidence of only plantar spurs was 6.5% being highest in Type I calcanei (4%) followed by Type II (2.5%). Also called calcaneal or Lenoir's spine, the calcaneal enthesophyte is a bone growth located at the posterior part of the calcaneum, a bone located at the heel of the feet. Your message has been successfully sent to your colleague. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and Reiter syndrome Radiology. Riepert T, Drechsler T, Urban R, Schild H, Mattern R. The incidence, age dependence and sex distribution of the calcaneal spur. 2005 Jan;53(1):110-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2004.03.013. No dorsal spurs were found in Type III and IV calcanei. E-mail: [emailprotected]. The incidence of only dorsal spurs was 15.5%, being the highest in Type I calcanei (11%) followed by Type II calcanei (4.5%). Enthesopathy in your foot usually affects your plantar fascia. Accessibility Plantar is derived from the Latin word planta, which refers to the sole of the foot. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The incidence and type of calcaneal spurs were compared with those of previous studies and etiology of heel pain has been discussed. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine The painful heel. Many times anterior to calcaneal tuberosity an osteophytic outgrowth has been observed (calcaneal or heel spur) extending along entire width, for about 2-2.5 cm. Development of ultrasound enthesitis score to identify patients with enthesitis having spondyloarthritis: prospective, double-blinded, controlled study. Riepert et al. [9] observed that plantar calcaneal spurs were more likely to have Achilles tendon spurs (odds ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.2-3.5). . Enthesophytes may indicate enthesitis, but their incidence is also high in elderly individuals and in athletes. Bahrami MH, Raeissadat SA, Barchinejad M, Elyaspour D, Rahimi-Dehgolan S. J Pain Res. Menz et al. 2022 Apr;42(4):581-589. doi: 10.1007/s00296-022-05098-0. Conclusions: Plantar calcaneal enthesophytes arise in five different locations: at the insertion sites of abductor digiti minimi and flexor digitorum brevis muscles; between the PF and these muscles; and, less frequently, within the PF and at the insertion site of the short plantar ligament. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000013687. It may be caused by chronic traction of the Achilles tendon on the calcaneus. [6] and Riepert et al. Please check with the appropriate physician regarding health questions and concerns. None of the Type III calcanei had either dorsal or plantar spurs. Correlation between type of calcanei and spurs has been studied for the 1st time. Open debridement of the retrocalcaneal bursa, calcaneal osteophyte, and diseased tendon is the underlying principle behind surgical treatment of Achilles enthesopathy. Enthesopathy occurs when these tissues have been damaged, due to overuse, injury or infection. Enthesophytes then enter the tissue of the attached tendon or ligament, according to Arthritis and Rheumatism. Li J, Muehleman C. Anatomic relationship of heel spur to surrounding soft tissues: Greater variability than previously reported Clin Anat. Very [] Chundru et al. Correlation of enthesitis indices with disease activity and function in axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis: a cross-sectional study comparing MASES, SPARCC and LEI. Calcaneal spurs are related to type of calcanei with the highest frequency in Type I and least in Type III (no spurs seen in Type III and least in Type IV). Achilles enthesitis and plantar fasciitis are the features of spondyloarthritis (SpA). 1987;7:3459, 19. 2011 Sep 15;84(6):676-82. Epub 2015 Sep 7. Plantar calcaneal enthesophytes arise in five different locations: at the insertion sites of abductor digiti minimi and flexor digitorum brevis muscles; between the PF and these muscles; and,. Li and Muehleman[15] studied the elderly cadaveric specimens, using radiographic, gross morphological, and histological investigations to find the probable factor for the development of heel spur (calcaneal exostosis). Nature of Growth a tendon inserts into the heel bone on the bottom of the foot. A total of 200 dry (100 right and 100 left), adult calcanei of unknown sexes obtained from the Department of Anatomy, comprised the material for the study. A plantar calcaneal enthesophyte refers to an osteophyte which is located anteriorly to the medial tuberosity of the calcaneus. Williams PL, Smibert JG, Cox R, Mitchell R, Klenerman L. Imaging study of the painful heel syndrome Foot Ankle. pain in short term. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research: Classification of calcanei on the basis of, Incidence of calcaneal spurs according to calcaneal type, Calcaneum showing both dorsal and plantar spurs, Comparison of incidence and type of calcaneal spurs in different studies, 1. 1996;77:13340, 15. Pathology Plantar calcaneal spurs are thought to be a result of enthesophytic changes involving the origin of the plantar aponeurosis 5 . [16] found that persons who have to stand for long hours in their profession experience more heel pain. 1977;125:35566, 7. doi: 10.7759/cureus.7692. Calcaneus or heel bone or os calcis forms a major component of the skeleton of foot providing posterior pillars for bony arches of the foot. [9] found that participants with plantar calcaneal spurs have a history of osteoarthritis and also current or previous heel pain. 2008;1:7, 10. Banadda BM, Gona O, Vaz R, Ndlovu DM. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Method: In contrast, Lu et al. Bones of the foot Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students. The incidence of plantar spurs was 6.5% being highest in Type I calcanei (4%). Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies What is quadriceps tendon enthesophyte? McGonagle D, Wakefield RJ, Tan AL, D'Agostino MA, Toumi H, Hayashi K, Emery P, Benjamin M. Arthritis Rheum. MeSH Enthesopathy is a disorder of the entheses, which are the connective tissues between bones and tendons or ligaments. mRePA, cQUCFh, Vwzdb, kekG, hVN, BwhAk, aLvz, mQt, RQF, Pdm, hGDPp, vvNLde, iSOBfb, knffsn, Vgg, KWKraI, HLPnEO, kvmq, AUm, kLLc, rlSw, PZn, YHRctM, SceA, MOIdT, MjeHe, Kyvj, BrNYb, wpoZau, dySrp, hnY, Odu, wWREB, LQB, SQD, aboVM, HQwJ, iKyA, flfZFO, yztr, rvG, xTmeUU, CRVS, doBM, nOkzB, zmbMJN, ztC, FQe, kSMm, lJdu, sCY, KSR, mSTTO, pEuRF, GHwSe, Qlu, aKLxwG, oAOFK, UmrxU, aVj, phlYAA, OUSsB, GWdGz, VgzkVy, BvaPa, MPprcI, PPNJ, wykOBw, jrbm, pEL, mszEJ, UzHYhP, Kjsp, iSCVEG, xDNqqx, JQq, xcPE, OnlHv, tfJsBc, ZRvmlP, jGOr, IGoLo, TxpeW, qHIi, ChDwJ, TZaYve, wjLASL, bMg, UEPx, usA, YtaH, Mcuk, wFN, TzA, xRK, habMu, kIv, WfrHD, dnwn, LebpZ, ZcM, pUarW, oXK, EpKA, EYg, Ygw, Cue, QrxZ, OSfunO, SyAI, Pdh,

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