When performing an outside-looking-in vulnerability assessment, you are attempting to compromise your systems from the outside. Unowned files and directories may be unintentionally inherited if a user is assigned the same User Identifier "UID" as the UID of the un-owned files. Change to the directory in which the clock_timing program is saved. Replace value with one of: 0 yum should not record history entries for transactions. Refer here for information on setting up a basic RHEL or RHEL Atomic system to use with Kubernetes: you will mount the NFS shares into a pod. Alpine build related script, documentation and test have been removed since Application tuning and deployment", Expand section "36. The following steps demonstrate customizing the system-wide cryptographic policies by a complete policy file. Scanning the system for configuration compliance and vulnerabilities", Expand section "9.2. Setting persistent kernel tuning parameters, 5.1. Use systemctl --user to manage the lifecycle of the daemon: To launch the daemon on system startup, enable the systemd service and lingering: Starting Rootless Docker as a systemd-wide service (/etc/systemd/system/docker.service) mgr/dashboard: fix base-href: revert it to previous approach (issue#50684, Avan Thakkar), mgr/dashboard: fix cookie injection issue (CVE-2021-3509: Dashboard XSS via token cookie, Ernesto Puerta), mgr/dashboard: fix set-ssl-certificate{,-key} commands (issue#50519, Alfonso Martnez), rgw: RGWSwiftWebsiteHandler::is_web_dir checks empty subdir_name (CVE-2021-3531: Swift API denial of service, Felix Huettner), rgw: sanitize r in s3 CORSConfigurations ExposeHeader (CVE-2021-3524: HTTP header injects via CORS in RGW, Sergey Bobrov, Casey Bodley), systemd: remove ProtectClock=true for ceph-osd@.service (issue#50347, Wong Hoi Sing Edison). You can run the rteval utility to test system real-time performance under load. These unnecessary capabilities or services are often SNMP community strings on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must be changed from the default. Check the IRQs in use by each device by viewing the /proc/interrupts file. Bucket notification topics can be configured as persistent, where events This document describes basics of system administration on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. Now consider the SELinux security context of the Apache web server process: 'httpd'. Docker with rootless mode uses slirp4netns as the default network stack if slirp4netns v0.4.0 or later is installed. Here, the -o loop option is required to mount the file as a block device. Even the most vigilant organization can fall victim to vulnerabilities if the network services they choose are inherently insecure. double-quote or single-quote the entire glob expression. Use Kerberos with NFS for strong security Add storage capacity to an NFS-enabled SVM Create a volume or qtree storage container Secure NFS access using export policies How ONTAP exports differ from 7-Mode exports Manage NFS with the CLI Understand NAS file access The graphical installation program automatically creates a corresponding Kickstart file after a successful installation. The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must be configured so that the Network File System (NFS) is configured to use RPCSEC_GSS. Disabling graphics console logging to graphics adapter, 8.2. Customization of system-wide cryptographic policies is available from RHEL 8.2. Working with Package Groups", Expand section "9.4. The fapolicyd contains entries from all enabled trust sources. For example, the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) shell. Remove the console=tty0 option from the kernel configuration: You can control the amount of output messages that are sent to the graphics console by configuring the required log levels in the /proc/sys/kernel/printk file. SCAP Security Guide profiles supported in RHEL 8.7, French National Agency for the Security of Information Systems (ANSSI) BP-028 Enhanced Level, xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_profile_anssi_bp28_enhanced, French National Agency for the Security of Information Systems (ANSSI) BP-028 High Level, xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_profile_anssi_bp28_high, French National Agency for the Security of Information Systems (ANSSI) BP-028 Intermediary Level, xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_profile_anssi_bp28_intermediary, French National Agency for the Security of Information Systems (ANSSI) BP-028 Minimal Level, xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_profile_anssi_bp28_minimal, CIS Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Benchmark for Level 1 - Workstation, xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_profile_cis_workstation_l1, CIS Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Benchmark for Level 2 - Workstation, xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_profile_cis_workstation_l2, Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) Essential Eight, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_profile_hipaa, Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) ISM Official, xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_profile_ism_o, PCI-DSS v3.2.1 Control Baseline for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8, xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_profile_pci-dss, The Defense Information Systems Agency Security Technical Implementation Guide (DISA STIG) for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8, The Defense Information Systems Agency Security Technical Implementation Guide (DISA STIG) with GUI for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8, xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_profile_stig_gui, Table9.4. Options that are not in the default configuration are commented out using a hash mark at the start of each option. Disabling all plug-ins is not advised because certain plug-ins provide important yum services. NBDE scheme when using a LUKS1-encrypted volume. Virus scanning software can be used to protect a system from penetration from computer viruses and to limit their spread through intermediate systems. Possible results of an OpenSCAP scan. The tuning solutions discussed in this book will help your Red Hat Linux system to have better performance. Security, both information and physical, is dynamic. The use of wireless networking can introduce many different attack vectors into the organization's network. Disk device names such as /dev/sda3 are not guaranteed to be consistent across reboot. nfs cluster create subcommand. Use this procedure to authorize a specific user or a group to use the USBGuard public IPC interface. The same logic applies to environmental groups: Example9.17. Check for automated cron jobs that might impact performance. To generate major page faults on early kernel versions, use: To generate major page faults on new kernel versions, use: The CPU stress test contains methods to exercise a CPU. https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/rados/operations/placement-groups/. You might need sudo dnf install -y iptables. Viewing System Processes", Collapse section "21.1. Resource. mgr/volumes: Fix subvolume discover during upgrade (CVE-2022-0670: Native-CephFS Manila Path-restriction bypass, Kotresh HR), mgr/volumes: V2 Fix for test_subvolume_retain_snapshot_invalid_recreate (CVE-2022-0670: Native-CephFS Manila Path-restriction bypass, Kotresh HR), qa: validate subvolume discover on upgrade (Kotresh HR), rgw: s3website check for bucket before retargeting (Seena Fallah). [INFO] To remove data, run: `/usr/bin/rootlesskit rm -rf /home/testuser/.local/share/docker`, rootless Failure to restrict system access to authenticated users negatively impacts operating system security. RHEL for Real Time 8 is designed to be used on well-tuned systems, for applications with extremely high determinism requirements. Enhancing security with the kernel integrity subsystem, 11.7. Installing Software", Collapse section "1.4. This is the first bugfix release in the Pacific stable series. The integrity subsystem is a part of the kernel that is responsible for maintaining the overall system data integrity. To display a list of the twenty most recent transactions, as root, either run yum history with no additional arguments, or type the following at a shell prompt: To display all transactions, add the all keyword: To display only transactions in a given range, use the command in the following form: You can also list only transactions regarding a particular package or packages. This is most common in hardware such as routers and firewalls, but some services that run on Linux can contain default administrator passwords as well (though RedHat EnterpriseLinux8 does not ship with them). Basic ReaR Usage", Expand section "27.2. The default value is 1,000,000 s (1 second). Event Sequence of an SSH Connection", Expand section "12.2. Focused on RedHat EnterpriseLinux but detailing concepts and techniques valid for all Linux systems, this guide details the planning and the tools involved in creating a secured computing environment for the data center, workplace, and home. Starting the Print Settings Configuration Tool, 16.3.4. /etc/sysctl.d) and run sudo sysctl --system. Infrastructure Services", Expand section "10. Details found in /etc/fstab may be omitted. Preventing resource overuse by using mutex, 39.3. By default, the usbguard daemon logs events to the /var/log/usbguard/usbguard-audit.log file. Enabling and Disabling SSL and TLS in mod_nss, 14.1.10. Disk-encryption solutions like LUKS protect the data only when your system is off. This report is displayed on the screen and saved to a compressed file. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories", Expand section "9.5.6. bug can be triggered in two known ways: automatically, by OSD if bluestore_fsck_quick_fix_on_mount is set Pacific v16.2.10 Pacific . Previously To change the value in /proc/sys/vm/panic_on_oom: Echo the new value to /proc/sys/vm/panic_on_oom. If the system-wide Docker daemon is already running, consider disabling it: Logged whenever a user exports a labeled object using CUPS. When the file is closed, the system returns to a power-saving state. Example 2: Shared secret on a Tang server and a TPM device, 13.13. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog", Collapse section "23.2. Understanding the chrony Configuration Commands, 18.3.5. Managing Network Connections After the Installation Process Using nmcli, 1.2.3. Permissive mode is useful for troubleshooting SELinux issues. A new cephfs-mirror daemon is available to mirror CephFS file systems to Bad passwords are one of the easiest ways for an attacker to gain access to a system. Re-enabling the firewalld Service, 1.6.2. Complements The current implementation of the PBD in RHEL consists of the Clevis framework and plug-ins called pins. Though staff_r is not a role meant for administration, it is a role that allows the user to change to other roles. Note that by default, yum search returns matches in package name and summary, which makes the search faster. Understanding the ntpd Configuration File, 19.10. The kernel command line skew_tick parameter smooths jitter on moderate to large systems with latency-sensitive applications running. These are only a few examples of how inattentive administration can lead to compromised servers. Performing System Rescue and Creating System Backup with ReaR", Collapse section "1.9. az resource delete: Add new parameter --no-wait to support not waiting the long-running operation to finish; Role. To see the built-in help for this command, enter it without any arguments or with the --help directive: To list all system trust anchors and certificates, use the trust list command: To store a trust anchor into the system-wide trust store, use the trust anchor sub-command and specify a path to a certificate. Subscription and Support", Expand section "7. To list all packages in all enabled repositories that are available to install, use the command in the following form: Example9.7. The kernel starts passing messages to printk() as soon as it starts. Be careful to escape the glob expressions when passing them as arguments to a yum command, otherwise the Bash shell will interpret these expressions as pathname expansions, and potentially pass all files in the current directory that match the global expressions to yum. This three-tiered model is a generally accepted component to assessing risks of sensitive information and establishing security policy. The TCP_CORK option prevents TCP from sending any packets until the socket is "uncorked". It is often desirable to enforce least privilege on users with specific roles like DBAs or auditors and the targeted policy includes several user roles for purposes like those, with documentation in their respective manual pages as mentioned in Policy Documentation. auto - Automatically allocates memory for the crash kernel dump based on the system hardware architecture and available memory size. This provides information about the output from the hwlatdetect utility. Limiting SCHED_OTHER task migration", Expand section "30. Also, Samba shares mounted on the client side are labeled with a default context defined by Use extreme caution when scheduling any application thread above priority 49 because it can prevent essential system services from running, because it can prevent essential system services from running. Chrony with HW timestamping", Expand section "18.7. The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must prevent files with the setuid and setgid bit set from being executed on file systems that are being imported via Network File System (NFS). The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must define default permissions for all authenticated users in such a way that the user can only read and modify their own files. Using the --page-in option, you can enable this mode for the bigheap, mmap and virtual machine (vm) stressors. upgrading to Pacific. We could disable SELinux protection of the smtp server through a boolean, which would be better than disabling SELinux completely, but that is still far from ideal. To see what would be reported (without actually The currently used clock source in your system is stored in the /sys/devices/system/clocksource/clocksource0/current_clocksource file. The fips-mode-setup command does not work correctly in containers, and it cannot be used to enable or check FIPS mode in this scenario. But if a core is monopolized by a SCHED_FIFO thread, it cannot perform its housekeeping tasks. This can reduce caching problems. This error occurs when the number of available entries in /etc/subuid or Configuring power management states, 11. Terminal Menu Editing During Boot", Collapse section "26.10. The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must be configured to off-load audit logs onto a different system or storage media from the system being audited. Unauthorized transmission and usage of information should be restricted. The MTU value can be specified by creating ~/.config/systemd/user/docker.service.d/override.conf with the following content: docker run -p does not propagate source IP addresses. The debugfs file system is mounted using the ftrace and trace-cmd commands. Changing and Resetting the Root Password, 26.11. The nfs cluster update command has been removed. hwlatdetect looks for hardware and firmware-induced latencies by polling the clock-source and looking for unexplained gaps. I assume that the user requiring NFS mount is alice. To do this, you can isolate interrupts (IRQs) from user processes from one another on different dedicated CPUs. The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must lock the associated account after three unsuccessful root logon attempts are made within a 15-minute period. Use the following steps to rotate your Tang server keys and update existing bindings on clients. To enable repositories defined in the [example], [example-debuginfo], and [example-source]sections, type: To enable all repositories defined both in the /etc/yum.conf file and in the /etc/yum.repos.d/ directory, type: When successful, the yum-config-manager --enable command displays the current repository configuration. Chrony with HW timestamping", Collapse section "18.6. This may result in missing crucial event deadlines. The tsk_dirent structure contains the following fields. More detailed progress bars are visible via the Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (ABRT)", Collapse section "25. It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. In RHEL, they are used in conjunction with LUKS to encrypt and decrypt root and non-root storage volumes to accomplish Network-Bound Disk Encryption. The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must use a separate file system for the system audit data path. If you do not have this download and install with sudo apt-get install -y slirp4netns or download the latest release. Rootless docker requires version of slirp4netns greater than v0.4.0 (when vpnkit is not installed). When assessing the entire network, map the layout first to find the hosts that are running. If yum is executed with the --assumeyes or -y option, or if the assumeyes directive is enabled in /etc/yum.conf, the plug-in enables disabled repositories, both temporarily and permanently, without prompting for confirmation. username . Note that configuration files in this directory must have the .repo extension to function properly. This bug occurs during OMAP format conversion for If assumeyes=1 is set, yum behaves in the same way as the command-line options -y and --assumeyes. The. The following section introduces trusted and encrypted keys as an important part of enhancing system security. The JSON output for the following commands now shows blocklist instead of blacklist: ceph osd. dump_blocklist. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer, 16.3.6. Each measurement thread takes a timestamp, sleeps for an interval, then takes another timestamp after waking up. Note: The -Z switch will work with most utilities to show SELinux security contexts (e.g, 'ls -Z', 'ps axZ' etc). Checking integrity with AIDE", Collapse section "10. The title focuses on: basic tasks that a system administrator needs to do just after the operating system has been successfully installed, installing software with yum, using systemd for service management, managing users, groups and file permissions, using chrony to configure NTP, working with For example, crashkernel=512M-2G:64M,2G-:128M@16M. You can disable multiple plug-ins by separating their names with commas. Mail Delivery Agents", Collapse section "15.4. The teletype (tty) default kernel console enables your interaction with the system by passing input data to the system and displaying the output information on the graphics console. Setting this option to true and restarting an OSD Depending on how the kernel is configured, not all tracers may be available for a given kernel. This error occurs when /etc/subuid and /etc/subgid are not configured. As root, type: Example9.3. The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must use a reverse-path filter for IPv4 network traffic when possible on all interfaces. This can result in unpredictable behavior, including blocked network traffic, blocked virtual memory paging, and data corruption due to blocked filesystem journaling. When tuning, consider the following points: Do you need to guard against packet loss? Understanding ID Mapping", Collapse section "16.1.5.3. To make the new content trusted again, refresh the file trust database by using the fapolicyd-cli --file update command. MGR: The pg_autoscaler will use the scale-up profile as the default profile. Extending Net-SNMP", Expand section "21.8. If your scenario does not require any interaction with smart cards and you want to prevent displaying authorization requests for the PC/SC daemon, you can remove the pcsc-lite package. Configuring GRUB 2 for a single boot, 26.9.2. If the system has less than the minimum memory threshold for automatic allocation, you can configure the amount of reserved memory manually. is usually wrong and varies from person to person. Example output of the yum check-update command. Multi-Level Security (MLS): Not commonly used and often hidden in the default targeted policy. It is not possible to downgrade a file system from LUKS2 internally uses JSON text format for metadata, provides redundancy of metadata, detects metadata corruption and allows automatic repairs from a metadata copy. If other users have access to modify user-specific SSH configuration files, they may be able to log on to the system as another user. Using the SOS Report to Troubleshoot Problems, 2. This is in contrast to hardware clocks which are selected by the kernel and implemented across the system. The tsk_dirent structure contains the following fields. You can stress the virtual memory by using the --page-in option to force non-resident pages to swap back into the virtual memory. This safeguard mechanism is known as real time scheduler throttling. Note: We recommend that you use the Ubuntu kernel. This way the absolute path can be reconstructed. Configuring kdump on the command line", Collapse section "19. These violations can further be prevented by additional security measures such as SELinux. The two digits at the beginning of the file name specify the order in which the daemon reads the configuration files. This email is sent according to cron configuration, typically to the local superuser and stored in the /var/spool/mail/root file. /etc/sysctl.conf (or /etc/sysctl.d) and run sudo sysctl --system. The "nosuid" mount option causes the system to not execute "setuid" and "setgid" files with owner privileges. Setting up a Samba Print Server", Collapse section "16.1.7. Confidentiality Sensitive information must be available only to a set of pre-defined individuals. The identifier in square brackets is the name of the boolean that would allow this access, and the DT prefixing the rule indiciates it is currently disabled. A conservative security level that is believed to withstand any near-term future attacks. When you specify a dump target in the /etc/kdump.conf file, then the path is relative to the specified dump target. Without protection of the transmitted information, confidentiality and integrity may be compromised because unprotected communications can be intercepted and either read or altered. RedHat EnterpriseLinux provides several tools for checking and preserving the integrity of files and directories on your system. After the transaction finished, the rpmdb database was changed outside yum. UEFI Secure Boot Support in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, 27.2. In that case, the kdumpctl service loads the crash kernel regardless of Kernel Address Space Layout (KASLR) being enabled or not. Yum always informs you which plug-ins, if any, are loaded and active whenever you call any yum command. When installing a potentially vulnerable operating system, always limit exposure only to the closest necessary network zone. As root, execute: When your system is successfully upgraded, you can unmount the image, remove the target directory and the configuration file: Yum enables you to perform a complete set of operations with software packages, including searching for packages, viewing information about them, installing and removing. The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must be configured so that all networked systems have SSH installed. Applications that perform frequent timestamps are affected by the CPU cost of reading the clock. Configuring NTP Using ntpd", Collapse section "19. Multiprocessor systems such as NUMA or SMP have multiple instances of hardware clocks. This can impact system performance and cause excessive system thrashing which can be difficult to stop. The first point is an implementation detail of the MCS model in the targeted policy. In particular, mixing armv7l Edit the playbook in a text editor of your choice, for example: Add the required parameters. Define how much memory should be reserved for kdump. entries which are directories (using the above command). Dashboard: Cluster Expansion Wizard. There are over 270 different tests. If you are running a system with up to 64 CPU cores, separate each group of eight hexadecimal digits with a comma. 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