You can control how often the failovers occur by setting the flip timeout. By default all VDOMs are added to virtual cluster 1. When enabled fewer sessions will be load balanced to the cluster unit when its CPU usage reaches the high watermark. For example, after a failover, users browsing the web can just refresh their browsers to resume browsing. HA links and synchronises two or more devices. Slave : Secondary-Fw , FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16, cluster index = 0 However, you could decrease the time to be able send more packets in less time if your cluster takes a long time to failover. This content clustering option is available for the FortiSwitch-5203B and FortiController-5902D. Configure virtual cluster 2 using the following syntax. Created on diagnose sys ha checksum recalculate [ | global], diagnose sys ha checksum recalculate [ | global]. When enabled fewer sessions will be load balanced to the cluster unit when its memory usage reaches the high watermark. If you notice that multicast sessions are not connecting after an HA failover, this may be because the 600 seconds has not elapsed so the multicast routes in the kernel are out of date (for example, the Kernel could have multicast routes that are no longer valid). If you do not enable session pickup the subordinate units do not maintain session tables. During HA negotiation, the cluster unit with the highest device priority becomes the primary unit. 3. show sys storage Initiate and re-calculate checksum if no mismatch found. However, if a unit fails and is restored in a very short time the age difference may be less than 5 minutes. Frequent negotiations may cause frequent traffic interruptions. Cluster state change time: 2022-04-16 14:21:15, Master selected using: During a cluster firmware upgrade with uninterruptible-upgrade enabled (the default configuration) the cluster should not select a new primary unit after the firmware of all cluster units has been updated. In FortiGate HA one device will act as a primary device (also called Active FortiGate). Check the checksum mismatch and compare for the cluster checksum. Dynamic weighted load balancing by the number of HTTP proxy sessions processed by a cluster unit. Enable HA remote IP monitoring by specifying the FortiGate unit interfaces that will be used to monitor remote IP addresses. The device priority of the cluster unit. Add virtual domains to a virtual cluster. Adding a virtual domain to a virtual cluster removes it from the other virtual cluster. Run command to go in rough for discrepancy VDOMs by using command: Your email address will not be published. All cluster members must have the same group ID. Disabled by default. This will repeat each time the flip timeout expires until the failed remote link is restored. The HA group ID, same for all members, from 0 to 255. Available on FortiSwitch-5203Bs or FortiController-5902Ds only in inter-chassis content-cluster mode. By default this option is enabled and the behavior described above occurs. By default, route-ttl is set to 10 which may mean that only a few routes will remain in the routing table after a failover. Heartbeat InterfaceAdd Port 3/HA1 and Port 4/ HA2 port in heartbeat interfaces through which both primary and secondary devices can interchange hello messages to check liveliness of the peer device. For a FortiGate VM, enable or disable (the default) unicast HAheartbeat. Proxy-based security profile processing is CPU and memory-intensive, so FGCP load balancing may result in higher throughput because resource-intensive processing is distributed among all cluster units. FortiGate Next Generation Firewall utilizes purpose-built security processors and threat intelligence security services from FortiGuard labs to deliver top-rated protection and high performance, including encrypted traffic. Enable or disable session synchronization for connectionless (UDP and ICMP) sessions. pop3-proxy-threshold, smtp-proxy-threshold, The ha-priority setting of the config system link-monitor command, The config system interface settings of the FortiGate interface that becomes an HA reserved management interface. The default is 1, the range 1 to 15. 169.254.0.2assigned to second highest number set override enable. FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14(updated 2 seconds ago): in-sync You add VDOMs to virtual cluster 1 using the following syntax: You add VDOMs to virtual cluster 2 using the following syntax: Enable to use the reserved HA management interface for following management features: This means that individual cluster units send log messages and communicate with FortiSandbox and so on using their HA reserved management interface instead of one of the cluster interfaces. Add a unicast HA heart peer IP address. 2. diag hardware device disk The primary unit starts remote IP monitoring again. The following settings are not synchronized: override. You may also want to reduce the margin to allow uninterruptible upgrades to work. 3) Disconnect the cable from the interface which is being monitored on the primary. Name to identify the HA cluster if you have more than one. When enabled fewer sessions will be load balanced to the cluster unit when the high watermark is reached. DescriptionThis article describes different methods to promote the role of subordinate to primary in a HA cluster. Some of these options are also used for FGSP and content clustering. This can lead to a false positive failure detection. Load balancing TCP sessions increases overhead and may actually reduce performance so it is disabled by default. CLI configuration commands. The heartbeat interface priority range is 0 to 512. port1: physical/10000full, up, rx-bytes/packets/dropped/errors=22183223/2218321/0/0, tx=216832/1211/0/0, Master: Active-FW , FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14, cluster index = 1 In most cases you should keep override disabled to reduce how often the cluster negotiates. Once inter-cluster session synchronization is enabled, all FGSP configuration options are available from the FGCP cluster CLI and you can set up the FGSP configuration in the same way as a standalone FortiGate. Fortigate HA Configuration <2022/04/13 14:21:15> FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14 is selected as the master because it has the largest value of uptime. fail-alert-interfaces <name>. Normally, because the route-wait time is 0 seconds the primary unit sends routing table updates to the subordinate units every time its routing table changes. Session synchronization packets use Ethertype 0x8892. The default route for the reserved HA management interface (IPv6). Dynamic weighted load balancing by the number of POP3 proxy sessions processed by a cluster unit. Some of these options are also used for FGSP and content clustering. Edited on This option applies to both FGCP and FGSP. number of vcluster: 1 The smaller the number, the higher the priority. in heartbeat interfaces through which both primary and secondary devices can interchange hello messages to check liveliness of the peer device. This option improves performance when session-pickup is enabled by reducing the number of sessions that are synchronized. A heartbeat interval of 2 means the time between heartbeat packets is 200 ms. Changing the heartbeat interval to 5 changes the time between heartbeat packets to 500 ms (5 * 100ms = 500ms). The amount of time in seconds that the primary unit waits between sending routing table updates to subordinate units. The default route hold time is 10 seconds. In inter-chassis mode the system considers the number of operating workers in a chassis when electing the primary chassis. Configuring Primary FortiGate for HA, 3. set gateway 10.10.10.10 set dst 10.10.10.1. set priority 5 end. For SIP, the expectation sessions transmit voice and video data. This setting is not synchronized by the FGCP so you can set separate weights for each cluster unit. Users downloading a large file may have to restart their download after a failover. The default is 8 seconds, the range is 1 to 20 seconds. Increasing the time between updates means that this data exchange will not have to happen so often. 7. Max 32 characters. Remote logging (including syslog, FortiAnalyzer, and FortiCloud). In FGCP mode, most settings are automatically synchronized among cluster units. Inter-cluster session synchronization does not support configuration synchronization. FortiOS session helpers keep track of the communication of Layer-7 protocols such as FTP and SIP that have control sessions and expectation sessions. The default is 2. DHCP and PPPoE interfaces are supported However, for demo purposes you can use this option to lower the difference margin. The HA cluster password, must be the same for all cluster units. Enable session-pickup so that if the primary unit fails, all sessions are picked up by the new primary unit. If one of the interfaces becomes disconnected the deployment uses the remaining interfaces for session synchronization. diagnose debug application hatalk -1, diag debug app hasync 255 For quick routing table updates to occur, set route-wait to a relatively short time so that the primary unit does not hold routing table changes for too long before updating the subordinate units. ses_pickup: enable, ses_pickup_delay=disable To correctly manage a FortiGate HA cluster with FortiManager use the IP address of one of the cluster unit interfaces. . The two units must have different addresses. The following section is for those options that require additional explanation. The HA remote IP monitoring failover threshold. Normally, because the is 0 seconds. FGT3HD3914-----3 is selected as the master because it has EXE_FAIL_ OVER flag set. Use append to add an interface to the list. To change the priority of a route - CLI. HA Health Status: OK vcluster 1: work 169.254.0.2 Enable to force a subordinate FortiSwitch-5203B or FortiController-5902D into standby mode even though its weight is non-zero. connectivity can be lost with the FortiGate as the HA cluster negotiates and the FGCP initiate new MAC address of the FortiGate interfaces. set priority 250 <change the priority to be higher than the other unit>. Config Priority. When you enable the reserved management interface feature the configuration of the reserved management interface is not synchronized by the FGCP. The cluster must have some way of informing attached network devices that a failover has occurred. FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16(updated 3 seconds ago): 04:08 AM Enable and configure FortiGate FGCP high availability (HA) and virtual clustering. This option is only available if session-pickup is enabled and mode is standalone and is disabled by default. Same Licenses on all cluster member The range is 1 to 60 packets. Master: FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14, operating cluster index = 0 I known I can increase the HA priority value to migrate Secondary Unit as Primary Unit and decrease it to downgrade Primary Unit as Secondary Unit. port3: physical/10000full, up, rx-bytes/packets/dropped/errors=3366612632/70886621/0/0, tx=1232321221/4564123/0/0, FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14(updated 2 seconds ago): The heartbeat interval combines with the lost heartbeat threshold to set how long a cluster unit waits before assuming that another cluster unit has failed and is no longer sending heartbeat packets. Password same password must be provided to both primary and secondary Firewall. Device Group Group name must be the same for both primary and secondary devices. Here we have given the name HA-GROUP. vcluster 1: work 169.254.0.2 Run command to go in rough for discrepancy VDOMs by using command: The default depends on the FortiGate model. The Ethertype used by HA telnet sessions between cluster units over the HA link. sessions=12, average-cpu-user/nice/system/idle=0%/0%/0%/100%, memory=44%, FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16(updated 3 seconds ago): The weighted round robin load balancing weight to assign to each unit in an active-active cluster. Using this HA option means only the selected interfaces are used for session synchronization and not the HA heartbeat link. FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16(updated 3 seconds ago): in-sync, FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14(updated 2 seconds ago): in-sync, FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16(updated 3 seconds ago): in-sync, System Usage stats: Flooding routing table updates can affect cluster performance if a great deal of routing information is synchronized between cluster units. Technical Tip: Changing HA role in cluster. Even if it takes a while to detect the problem, repeated failovers at relatively long time intervals do not usually disrupt network traffic. The default is 5 packets, the range is 1 to 60. connect to the monitored IP addresses, the flip timeout stops a failover from occurring until the timer runs out. port3: physical/10000full, up, rx-bytes/packets/dropped/errors=3366612632/70886621/0/0, tx=1232321221/4564123/0/0, MONDEV stats: All members of an HA cluster must be set to the same HA mode. Dynamic weighted load balancing by memory usage. Inter-cluster session synchronization is compatible with all FGCP operating modes including active-active, active-passive, virtual clustering, full mesh HA, and so on. set ha-password <password> Set the HA password. Solution1) Use the following command from CLI: 2) Reset the uptime of the master device, while the override is disabled, # config system ha set override disable end. The default value is 6, meaning that if the 6 heartbeat packets are not received from a cluster unit then that cluster unit is considered to have failed. Cluster Uptime: 211 days 5:9:44 You can use the pingserver-slave-force-reset option to control this behavior. If you select more than one interface, session synchronization traffic is load balanced among the selected interfaces. Debug: 0 <2022/04/13 14:15:46> FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16 is selected as the master because it has the largest value of uptime. route-hold can be set to a relatively long time because normally the next route update would not occur for a while. is used by FGCP for configuration synchronisation. You may want to increase the age margin if cluster unit startup time differences are larger than 5 minutes. Here Priority is set 200, secondary devices must have lower numerical value than Primary Firewall. config antivirus settings. Usually routing table updates are periodic and sporadic. ses_pickup: enable, ses_pickup_delay=disable ha set-priority. When Admin. The range is 6 to 2147483647 minutes. Control how long routes remain in a cluster unit's routing table. The route-hold time should be coordinated with the route-wait time. The result could be that until you fix the network problem that blocks connections to the remote IP addresses, the cluster will experience repeated failovers. When enabled fewer sessions will be load balanced to the cluster unit when the high watermark is reached. Physical link between Firewalls for heartbeat When mode is set to a-a or a-p this option applies to FGCP. priority (including the secondary-vcluster priority) ha . diag debug app hasync 255 By default, this option is disabled and all HA synchronization packets are processed by one CPU. This setting is optional. With this configuration, when a remote IP monitoring failover occurs, after the flip timeout expires another failover will occur (because override is enabled) and the unit with override enabled becomes the primary unit again. The valid range is 0 to 31. A cluster unit should change from the hello state to work state after it finds all of the other FortiGate units to form a cluster with. Two to Four identical FortiGate Firewall (same Model ) FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14(updated 2 seconds ago): Enabled by default. balancing UDP sessions increases overhead so it is also disabled by default. You can use the append command to add more entries. {integer} HA priority. For example, a user downloading files with FTP may have to either restart downloads or restart their FTP client. Set Device Priority -200. Repeat the steps in Secondary devices and connect Port 3 and Port 4 with Secondary FortiGate Firewall. 1.diag debug config-error-log read You can increase the route time to live if you find that communication sessions are lost after a failover so that the primary unit can use synchronized routes that are already in the routing table, instead of waiting to acquire new routes. This can cause disruptions to the cluster and affect how it operates. Other FortiGate devices are called Secondary or Standby devices. I am a strong believer of the fact that "learning is a constant process of discovering yourself." The weight range is 0 to 255. execute ha synchronize start, Mismatch in HA can be calculated by using below command The default is 128. If the FDB has a large number of addresses it may take extra time to send all the packets and the sudden burst of traffic could disrupt the network. If two or more heartbeat interfaces have the same priority, the heartbeat interface that with the lowest hash map order value processes all heartbeat traffic. <2022/04/12 11:17:04> FGVMXXXXXXXXXX44 is selected as the master because it has the largest value of override priority. Can be blank if mode is standalone. Disabled by default. You can use the config secondary-vcluster command to edit vcluster 2. Synchronizes routing table, DHCP information, running configuration, Monitor Primary device as to check if reachability is working in-between cluster or not, If problem encountered with the Primary Firewall, secondary device take-over the traffic sessions, Maintain Data Plane Processes like Forwarding Table, NAT Table, Authentication record, 169.254.0.1assigned to highest serial number, 169.254.0.2assigned to second highest number, 169.254.0.3assigned to third highest number. Once Active-Passive mode selected multiple parameters are required. Enable or disable upgrading the cluster without interrupting cluster traffic processing. Created on This setting is not synchronized to other cluster units. HA links and synchronises two or more devices. 2. decrease the priority on primary unit to secondary. The cluster must have some way of informing attached network devices that a failover has occurred. execute ha synchronize start The device priority range is 0 to 255. The time to live controls how long routes remain active in a cluster unit routing table after the cluster unit becomes a primary unit. In Active/Passive, Primary Firewall performs below tasks: Virtual IP addresses are assigned to heartbeat Interfaces based on the serial number of FortiGate Firewall, 169.254.0.1assigned to highest serial number The hello state hold-down time is the number of seconds that a cluster unit waits before changing from hello state to work state. For example, if you have a cluster of three FortiGate units you can set the weights for the units as follows: Dynamic weighted load balancing by CPU usage. To reduce these false positives you can increase the hb-lost-threshold. sessions=2, average-cpu-user/nice/system/idle=0%/0%/0%/100%, memory=14%, HBDEV stats: If there are no monitored interfaces then port monitoring is disabled. Names of the FortiGate interfaces to which the link failure alert is sent. In a multiple VDOM configuration you can Usually the control sessions establish the link between server and client and negotiate the ports and protocols that will be used for data communications. Enter the names of the interfaces to monitor. Many protocols can successfully restart sessions with little, if any, loss of data. Enable or disable synchronizing sessions only if they remain active for more than 30 seconds. The FortiGate's HA Heartbeat listens on ports TCP/703, TCP/23, or ETH Layer 2/8890. Indicates the virtual cluster you are configuring. During HA negotiation, the cluster unit with the highest device priority becomes the primary unit. port4: physical/10000full, up, rx-bytes/packets/dropped/errors=5543991879/3242247/0/0, tx=554325343/4321945/0/0, FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16(updated 3 seconds ago): 05:52 AM FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16(updated 3 seconds ago): number of vcluster: 1 By Increase the weight to increase the number of connections processed by the FortiGate with that priority. Required fields are marked *, Copyright AAR Technosolutions | Made with in India, Heartbeat Interfaces and Virtual IP Interfaces, High Availability (HA) is a feature of Firewalls in which two or more devices are grouped together to provide redundancy in the network. The heartbeat interface with the highest priority processes all heartbeat traffic. Since most HTTP sessions are very short, in most cases they will not even notice an interruption unless they are downloading large files. string. The maximum length is 63 characters. Enable and configure FortiGate FGCP high availability (HA) and virtual clustering. Above command re-calculates the checksum for all the devices. In virtual machine (VM) environments that do not support broadcast communication, you can set up unicast HA heartbeat when configuring HA. Enable or disable session synchronization for NAT sessions in an FGSP deployment. Range 0 to 3600 seconds. Flooding routing table updates can affect cluster performance if a great deal of routing information is synchronized between cluster units. Enable or disable HA heartbeat message authentication using SHA1. I am a biotechnologist by qualification and a Network Enthusiast by interest. The HA remote IP monitoring flip timeout in minutes. The heartbeat interval range is 1 to 20 (100*milliseconds). Default low and high watermarks of 0 disable the feature. After an HA failover, the new primary FortiGate waits for the multicast-ttl to expire before synchronizing multicast routes to the kernel. sessions=12, average-cpu-user/nice/system/idle=0%/0%/0%/100%, memory=44% The FortiGate exchanges messages to peer devices to establish an HA cluster. diag sys ha checksum show ftp-proxy-threshold, imap-proxy-threshold, nntp-proxy-threshold, Moving session synchronization from the HA heartbeat interface reduces the bandwidth required for HA heartbeat traffic and may improve the efficiency and performance of the deployment, especially if the deployment is synchronizing a large number of sessions. Normally keeping route-ttl to 10 or reducing the value to 5 is acceptable because acquiring new routes usually occurs very quickly, especially if graceful restart is enabled, so only a minor delay is caused by acquiring new routes. In some cases, however, you might want to reduce the number of gratuitous ARP packets. The flip timeout also causes the cluster to renegotiate when it expires unless you have disabled pingserver-slave-force-reset. An FGCP cluster can include up to four FortiGates (numbered 0 to 3) so you can set up to 4 weights. If the communication from the server is not initiated within 30 seconds the expectation session times out and traffic will be denied. However, if you want to make sure that the same cluster unit always operates as the primary unit and if you are less concerned about frequent cluster negotiation you can set its device priority higher than other cluster units and enable override. Only difference in Active / Active mode is that in A/A mode all the FortiGate devices are processing the traffic. Select one or more FortiGate interfaces to use for synchronizing sessions as required for session pickup. The failover threshold range is 0 to 50. You can select up to 8 heartbeat interfaces. Load balancing session synchronization among multiple interfaces can further improve performance and efficiency if the deployment is synchronizing a large number of sessions. To avoid flooding routing table updates to subordinate units, set route-hold to a relatively long time to prevent subsequent updates from occurring too quickly. You can't change this setting. You can configure the IP address and other settings for this interface using the config system interface command. The default value of 1 effectively disables the threshold. The group ID identifies individual clusters on the network because the group ID affects the cluster virtual MAC address. Disabled by default. Enable or disable session pickup. is a 4-digit number. config alertemail setting. You can add a time to prevent negotiation during transitions and configuration changes. This margin is the age difference ignored by the cluster when selecting a primary unit based on age. This option is only available if session-pickup in enabled and is disabled by default. A chassis that has less than the minimum-worker-threshold of workers operating is ranked lower than a chassis that meets or exceeds the minimum-worker-threshold. When enabled fewer sessions will be load balanced to the cluster unit when the high watermark is reached. 8. Firewall cluster uses FGCP to elect the primary, synchronize configuration, discover another firewall that belongs to the same HA and detect failover when any of the HA device fails. The time between sending heartbeat packets. This entry is only available when mode is set to either a-a or a-p. All session synchronization traffic is between the primary unit and each subordinate unit. 12:50 AM, The Fortinet Security Fabric brings together the concepts of convergence and consolidation to provide comprehensive cybersecurity protection for all users, devices, and applications and across all network edges.. How to Prevent Your Gaming Laptop From Overheating? Fortigate HA troubleshooting. However, in some cases, sending gratuitous ARP packets may be less optimal. 3. show sys storage I'd like to know, is it different between the two methods? session synchronization reverts back to using the HA heartbeat link. You can configure remote IP monitoring for all types of interfaces including physical interfaces, VLAN interfaces, redundant interfaces and aggregate interfaces. If all of the session synchronization interfaces become disconnected, Enable or disable session synchronization for expectation sessions in an FGSP deployment. . Mode: HA Active Passive Refresh the entries and check sync status in Primary and Secondary HA monitoring Dashboard. The number of times that the primary unit sends gratuitous ARP packets. If you have more than two clusters on the same network they must have different Group IDs. Inter-cluster session synchronization synchronizes all supported FGSP session types including TCP sessions, IPsec tunnels, IKE routes, connectionless (UDP and ICMP) sessions, NAT sessions, asymmetric sessions, and expectation sessions. override: disable, Configuration Status: Remote authentication and certificate verification. diag sys ha checksum show , diagnose sys ha checksum show root | grep system As a result the cluster may select a new primary unit during some failover testing scenarios. Default is 8893. After a failover you may have to re-configure dashboard widgets. High Availability (HA) is a feature of Firewalls in which two or more devices are grouped together to provide redundancy in the network. After a failure or when starting up, cluster units operate in the hello state to send and receive heartbeat packets so that all the cluster units can find each other and form a cluster. override: disable, <2022/04/13 14:21:15> FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14 is selected as the master because it has the largest value of uptime. Enable or disable virtual cluster 2 (also called secondary-vcluster). As long as the cluster still fails over successfully, you could reduce the number of gratuitous ARP packets that are sent to reduce the amount of traffic produced after a failover. or. There may also be a number of reasons to set the interval higher. This is available if session-pickup is enabled and mode is standalone. The group ID is used in the virtual MAC address that is sent in broadcast ARP messages. Enable this option if the switch the cluster is connected to does not update its MAC forwarding tables after a failover caused by a link failure. Reserved management interfaces and their IP addresses should not be used for managing a cluster using FortiManager. Model: FortiGate-300D Mode: HA A-P Group: 240 Debug: 0 Cluster Uptime: 0 days 2:14:55 Cluster state change time: 2020-03-12 17:42:17 Master selected using: FGT3HD3914-----9 is selected as the master because it has the largest value of override priority. In Active/Passive mode the primary device is the only equipment which can actively process the traffic. <2022/04/13 14:15:46> FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16 is selected as the master because it has the largest value of uptime. All cluster members must have the same group name. The default weights mean that the four possible units in the cluster all have the same weight of 40. The default weight is 5. Normally session synchronization occurs over the HA heartbeat link. If you disable pingserver-slave-force-reset after the initial remote IP monitoring failover nothing will happen after the flip timeout (as long as the new primary unit doesn't experience some kind of failover). Note: By default, uptime is more important than this setting unless Override is enabled. end. Increase the priority to require more remote links to fail before a failover occurs. The result is that repeated failovers no longer happen. This can also be useful if each cluster unit is in a different location. This setting is optional, and does not affect HA function. Enabling this option may improve the performance of an entity that is processing large numbers of packets causing session synchronization using excessive amounts of CPU cycles. If you enable session pickup the subordinate units maintain session tables that match the primary unit session table. If failover is taking longer that expected, you may be able to reduce the failover time by increasing the number gratuitous ARP packets sent. Slave : FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16, operating cluster index = 1, FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14(updated 1 seconds ago): The cluster's active-active load balancing schedule. The Ethertype used by HA heartbeat packets for Transparent mode clusters. <2022/04/12 11:17:04> FGVMXXXXXXXXXX44 is selected as the master because it has the largest value of override priority. Normally you would not need to change the time interval. Disabled by default. diag debug enable This option is only available if session-pickup is enabled and mode is standalone and is disabled by default. The flip timeout reduces the frequency of failovers if, after a failover, HA remote IP monitoring on the new primary unit also causes a failover. Command to re-calculate the checksum For example, GTP traffic can result in very high packet rates and you can improve the performance of a FortiOS Carrier FGCP cluster or FGSP deployment that is processing GTP traffic by enabling this option. This setting is not synchronized to other cluster units. For example, if you have a cluster of FortiGate units in Transparent mode, after a failover the new primary unit will send gratuitous ARP packets to all of the addresses in its Forwarding Database (FDB). The device priority range is 0 to 255. FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14(updated 2 seconds ago): The default is 20 seconds and the range is 5 to 300 seconds. This can happen if the new primary unit cannot connect to one or more of the monitored remote IP addresses. Each cluster unit can have a different device priority. This process can take some time and may reduce the capacity of the cluster for a short time. You can monitor up to 64 interfaces. 6. For example, if your cluster has a large number of VLAN interfaces and virtual domains and because gratuitous ARP packets are broadcast, sending a higher number gratuitous ARP packets may generate a lot of network traffic. port1: physical/10000full, up, rx-bytes/packets/dropped/errors=22183223/2218321/0/0, tx=216832/1211/0/0 Firewall cluster uses FGCP to elect the primary, synchronize configuration, discover another firewall that belongs to the same HA and detect failover when any of the HA device fails. Proxy-based security profile processing that is load balanced includes proxy-based virus scanning, proxy-based web filtering, proxy-based email filtering, and proxy-based data leak prevention (DLP) of HTTP, FTP, IMAP, IMAPS, POP3, POP3S, SMTP, SMTPS, IM, and NNTP, sessions accepted by security policies. Normally the default value of 300 seconds (5 minutes) should not be changed. 4. show wanopt storage, 1.diag debug config-error-log read Dynamic weighted load balancing by the number of NNTP proxy sessions processed by a cluster unit. config antivirus profile. High Availability (HA) is a feature of Firewalls in which two or more devices are grouped together to provide redundancy in the network. Enable or disable forcing the cluster to renegotiate and select a new primary unit every time a cluster unit leaves or joins a cluster, changes status within a cluster, or every time the HA configuration of a cluster unit changes. {set | append} monitor [], {set | append} pingserver-monitor-interface [], set pingserver-failover-threshold , set pingserver-slave-force-reset {disable | enable}, {set | append} vdom [], Managing firmware with the FortiGate BIOS, endpoint-control forticlient-registration-sync, firewall {interface-policy | interface-policy6}, firewall {local-in-policy | local-in-policy6}, firewall {multicast-address | multicast-address6}, firewall {multicast-policy | multicast-policy6}, log {azure-security-center | azure-security-center2} filter, log {azure-security-center | azure-security-center2} setting, log {fortianalyzer | fortianalyzer-cloud} override-filter, log {fortianalyzer | fortianalyzer2 | fortianalyzer3 | fortianalyzer-cloud} filter, log {fortianalyzer | fortianalyzer2 | fortianalyzer3 | fortianalyzer-cloud} setting, log {syslogd | syslogd2 | syslogd3 | syslogd4} filter, log {syslogd | syslogd2 | syslogd3 | syslogd4} setting, switch-controller security-policy captive-portal, system {ips-urlfilter-dns | ips-urlfilter-dns6}, system replacemsg device-detection-portal, vpn ipsec {manualkey-interface | manualkey}, webfilter {ips-urlfilter-setting | ips-urlfilter-setting6}, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-3gpp-cellular, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-ip-address-type, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-nai-realm, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-network-auth-type, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-roaming-consortium, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-venue-name, wireless-controller hotspot20 h2qp-conn-capability, wireless-controller hotspot20 h2qp-operator-name, wireless-controller hotspot20 h2qp-osu-provider, wireless-controller hotspot20 h2qp-wan-metric, log {fortianalyzer | fortianalyzer-cloud} test-connectivity, priority (including the secondary-vcluster priority), cpu-threshold, memory-threshold, http-proxy-threshold, The number of processes used by the HA session sync daemon. This setting is not synchronized to other cluster units. Slave : Secondary-Fw , FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16, cluster index = 0 07-01-2020 Disabled by default. If the primary unit does not receive a heartbeat packet from a subordinate unit before the heartbeat threshold expires, the primary unit assumes that the subordinate unit has failed. 0x8891transparent mode. Other features enabled in security policies such as Endpoint security, traffic shaping and authentication have no effect on active-active load balancing. Automatically enabled when you enable virtual cluster 2. Only appears if ha-mgmt-status is enabled. The route hold range is 0 to 3600 seconds. Normally, the unit with High priority is the master unit. CLI Reference. Cluster uses these virtual IP addresses to differentiate cluster members and update configuration changes in clustered devices. For example, increasing the heartbeat interval to 20 and the lost heartbeat threshold to 30 means a failure will be assumed if no heartbeat packets are received after 30 * 2000 milliseconds = 60,000 milliseconds, or 60 seconds. To maintain communication sessions after a cluster unit becomes a primary unit, routes remain active in the routing table for the route time to live while the new primary unit acquires new routes. Dashboard widget shows below status if HA status is in sync. If a subordinate unit does not receive a heartbeat packet from the primary unit before the heartbeat threshold expires, the subordinate unit assumes that the primary unit has failed. If is enabled, traffic processing is not interrupted during a normal firmware upgrade. If the problem is detected in the Primary FortiGate, the secondary device takes over the primary role. The number of seconds to wait between sending gratuitous ARP packets. Enable or disable sending gratuitous ARP packets from a new primary unit. When enabled fewer sessions will be load balanced to the cluster unit when the high watermark is reached. During failover testing where cluster units are failed over repeatedly the age difference between the cluster units will most likely be less than 5 minutes. One reason for a delay in all of the cluster units joining the cluster could be the cluster units are located at different sites of if for some other reason communication is delayed between the heartbeat interfaces. Since large amounts of session synchronization traffic can increase network congestion, it is recommended that you keep this traffic off of your network by using dedicated connections for it. In FortiGate HA one device will act as a. Configuration of primary and secondary devices are in synchronisation. The GUI Dashboard configuration. Repeat Step 1 to Step 9 in Secondary Firewall. Names of the non-virtual interface. Use this command to temporarily change the device priority of a FortiGate unit in a cluster. diagnose sys ha checksum show global | grep log, Repeat above commands on secondary device to compare the mismatch output. Other protocols may experience data loss and some protocols may require sessions to be manually restarted. I developed interest in networking being in the company of a passionate Network Professional, my husband. 2) Reset the uptime of the master device, while the override is disabled. The priorities are assigned when the cluster negotiates and can change every time the cluster re-negotiates. Unicast HAis only supported between two FortiGates VMs. diag debug enable Copyright 2022 Fortinet, Inc. All Rights Reserved. For FTP, the expectation sessions transmit files being uploaded or downloaded. diag sys ha checksum show , diag sys ha checksum show Setting the failover threshold to 0 (the default) means that if any ping server added to the HA remote IP monitoring configuration fails an HA failover will occur. Disabled by default. If you set the flip timeout to a relatively high number of minutes you can find and repair the network problem that prevented the cluster from connecting to the remote IP address without the cluster experiencing very many failovers. - Rashmi Bhardwaj (Author/Editor), Your email address will not be published. The Fortinet Security Fabric brings together the concepts of convergence and consolidation to provide comprehensive cybersecurity protection for all users, devices, and applications and across all network edges.. In FGCP mode, most settings are automatically synchronized among cluster units. FGCP travels between FortiGate cluster devices over the heartbeat links and uses TCP port 703 with Ethernet type values: 0x8890 NAT Mode Synchronize the configuration of the FortiGate unit to another FortiGate unit. When mode is standalone, this option applies to FGSP only. The time to live range is 5 to 3600 seconds (3600 seconds is one hour). What is High Availability? Format: 1.2.3.4/24. Expectation sessions usually have a timeout value of 30 seconds. Active device synchronises its configuration with another device in the group. For example, if your cluster has a large number of VLAN interfaces and virtual domains and because gratuitous ARP packets are broadcast, sending gratuitous ARP packets may generate a lot of network traffic. As long as the cluster still fails over successfully you could increase the interval to reduce the amount of traffic produced after a failover. By default, active-active HA load balancing distributes proxy-based security profile processing to all cluster units. The heartbeat interfaces must be connected to the same network and you must add IPaddresses to these interfaces. The amount of time in seconds that the primary unit waits after receiving routing updates before sending the updates to the subordinate units. Each cluster unit can have a different device priority. Enabling virtual cluster 2 enables override for virtual cluster 1 and virtual cluster 2. Setting route-wait to a longer time reduces the frequency of additional updates are and prevents flooding of routing table updates from occurring. Intended for ELBC clusters, this feature only works for clusters with two members. Default is 8890. During normal operation, if a failover occurs, when the failed unit rejoins the cluster its age will be very different from the age of the still operating cluster units so the cluster will not select a new primary unit. Here we have given the name HA-GROUP. Use append to add an interface to the list. The default route for the reserved HA management interface (IPv4). Disabled by default. This setting is not synchronized by the FGCP. port4: physical/10000full, up, rx-bytes/packets/dropped/errors=5543991879/3242247/0/0, tx=554325343/4321945/0/0 Usually you would not change the default setting of 5. The default route-wait is 0 seconds. alertemail. FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14(updated 1 seconds ago): Anthony_E. The default is 600 seconds, the range is 5 to 3600 seconds. Dynamic weighted load balancing by the number of SMTP proxy sessions processed by a cluster unit. Dynamic weighted load balancing by the number of IMAP proxy sessions processed by a cluster unit. When enabled this cluster can participate in an FGSP configuration using inter-cluster session synchronization. monitor up to 64 interfaces per virtual cluster. Setting up unicast HA heartbeat consists of enabling the feature and using unicast-hp-peerip to add a peer IP address. Enabled by default. get system ha status > shows HA and Cluster failover Information Group: HA-Group The config system global hostname setting. Group name must be the same for both primary and secondary devices. In most cases you would want to send gratuitous ARP packets because its a reliable way for the cluster to notify the network to send traffic to the new primary unit. But if the heartbeat interval is very long, the cluster is not as sensitive to topology and other network changes. If you choose to disable sending gratuitous ARP packets (by setting gratuitous-arps to disable) you must first enable link-failed-signal. {string} Serial number. You can enable load-balance-all to have the primary unit load balance all TCP sessions. Model: FortiGate-VM64-KVM Disable virtual cluster 2 to move all virtual domains from virtual cluster 2 back to virtual cluster 1. port3: physical/10000full, up, rx-bytes/packets/dropped/errors=2232258636/6463321/0/0, tx=3266257061/8035173/0/0, FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16(updated 3 seconds ago): The HA group name identifies the cluster. Use this command to temporarily change the device priority of a FortiGate unit in a cluster. In FortiGate HA one device will act as a primary device (also called Active FortiGate). The peer IPaddress is the IP address of the HA heartbeat interface of the other FortiGate VM in the HA cluster. When virtual cluster 2 is enabled you can use config secondary-vcluster to configure virtual cluster 2. The following settings are not synchronized: The following table shows all newly added, changed, or removed entries as of FortiOS 6.0. set unicast-hb-netmask {disable | enable}, set inter-cluster-session-sync {disable | enable}. The default time to live is 10 seconds. You can increase both the heartbeat interval and the lost heartbeat threshold to reduce false positives. The default value is 100, but you can specify any numeric value ranging from 0 to 255. sessions=2, average-cpu-user/nice/system/idle=0%/0%/0%/100%, memory=14%, FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14(updated 2 seconds ago): -All HA configuration must be in-synchronisation. Master: Active-FW , FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14, cluster index = 1 By default two interfaces are configured to be heartbeat interfaces and the priority for both these interfaces is set to 50. is a 4-digit number. The subordinate unit then begins negotiating to become the new primary unit. Select the FortiGate interfaces to be heartbeat interfaces and set the heartbeat priority for each interface. 5. To reduce this delay, you can set the multicast-ttl time to a low value, for example 10 seconds, resulting in quicker updates of the kernel multicast routing table. Enable or disable shutting down all interfaces (except for heartbeat device interfaces) of a cluster unit with a failed monitored interface for one second after a failover occurs. When enabled fewer sessions will be load balanced to the cluster unit when the high watermark is reached. The lower the hb-lost-threshold the faster a cluster responds when a unit fails. This setting is not synchronized by the FGCP. There are two Fortigate HA modes available: HA Protocol used by FortiGate Cluster to communicate. This is a content clustering option and is disabled by default. But it also means that the original primary unit will remain the subordinate unit and will not resume operating as the primary unit. If cluster units are joining your cluster after it has started up or if it takes a while for units to join the cluster you can increase the time that the cluster units wait in the hello state. The default value is 0. group-name. Secondary FortiGate device remains in Passive mode and monitors the status of the primary device. Understanding Checkpoint 3-Tier Architecture: Components & Deployment, Cisco SD-WAN vs Palo Alto Prisma: Detailed Comparison, Two to Four identical FortiGate Firewall (same Model ), Physical link between Firewalls for heartbeat. 169.254.0.3assigned to third highest number. Subordinate units should receive these changes as soon as possible so route-wait is set to 0 seconds. So the cluster automatically returns to normal operation. If uninterruptible-upgrade is enabled, traffic processing is not interrupted during a normal firmware upgrade. interfaces are functioning properly and connected to their networks. Delay renegotiating when override is enabled and HA is enabled or the cluster mode is changed or after a cluster unit reboots. You must first enable vcluster2. is a 4-digit number. 1) Use the following command from CLI: # config system ha. Disabled by default. This allows you to manage each cluster unit separately and to separate the management traffic from each cluster unit. Enable or disable load balancing UDP proxy-based security profile sessions. The flip timeout stops HA remote IP monitoring from causing a failover until the primary unit has been operating for the duration of the flip timeout. Load The expectation sessions are usually the sessions that actually communicate data. You enter the weight for each FortiGate separately. The default is 5. The route-wait range is 0 to 3600 seconds. If uninterruptible-upgrade is disabled, traffic processing is interrupted during a normal firmware upgrade (similar to upgrading the firmware operating on a standalone FortiGate unit). If, however, the remote link is still down, remote link failover causes the cluster to failover again. By default, if a cluster unit does not receive a heartbeat packet from a cluster unit for 6 * 200 = 1200 milliseconds or 1.2 seconds the cluster unit assumes that the other cluster unit has failed. # config system ha. The default is 128. Set the priority for each remote IP monitoring ping server using the ha-priority option of the config system link-monitor command. You may want to reduce the margin if during failover testing you dont want to wait the default age difference margin of 5 minutes. TCP port 23 is used by FGCP for configuration synchronisation. The FortiGate interface to be the reserved HA management interface. This option is available when mode is a-a and schedule is weight-round-robin. When multiple VDOMs are enabled, virtual cluster 2 is enabled by default. If HA remote IP monitoring fails on all cluster units because none of the cluster units can The maximum password length is 128 characters. The Ethertype used by HA heartbeat packets for NAT mode clusters. The number of seconds that a cluster unit waits before changing from the hello state to the work state. A large burst of routing table updates can occur if a router or a link on a network fails or changes. The interfaces to use for session synchronization must be connected together either directly using the appropriate cable (possible if there are only two units in the deployment) or using switches. hb-interval. You can monitor physical interfaces, redundant interfaces, and 802.3ad aggregated interfaces but not VLAN interfaces, IPSec VPN interfaces, or switch interfaces. The session helpers then create expectation sessions through the FortiGate for the ports and protocols negotiated by the control session. FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16(updated 3 seconds ago): 2. diag hardware device disk The following command changes the priority to 5 for a route to the address 10.10.10.1 on the port1. set ha-mgmt-ip <IP/netmask> Enter the IP address, with netmask, that this unit uses for HA related communication with the other FortiAuthenticator unit. set override disable. Active device synchronises its configuration . This process can take some time and may reduce the capacity of the cluster for a short time. The default is 60 minutes. Check HA status in Secondary devices. If you choose to disable sending gratuitous ARP packets you must first enable the link-failed-signal setting. The cluster age difference margin (grace period). Device Group is used in HA to assign two or more devices to be part of the same HA Group. When a cluster unit becomes a primary unit (this occurs when the cluster is starting up or after a failover) the primary unit sends gratuitous ARP packets immediately to inform connected network equipment of the IP address and MAC address of the primary unit. Enable or disable automatic synchronization configuration changes to all cluster units. If the primary unit fails all sessions are interrupted and must be restarted when the new primary unit is operating. The range is 1 to 11. More numerical value higher the priority. The valid range is 0 to 9. FortiGate Next Generation Firewall utilizes purpose-built security processors and threat intelligence security services from FortiGuard labs to deliver top-rated protection and high performance, including encrypted traffic. config antivirus quarantine. FortiGate (global) # get sys ha status Weights are assigned to individual FortiGates according to their priority in the cluster. Slave : FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16, operating cluster index = 1, Check the checksum mismatch and compare for the cluster checksum. In some cases, routing table updates can occur in bursts. antivirus. Increase the number of processes to handle session packets sent from the kernel efficiently when the session rate is high. Use a space to separate each interface name. Enable or disable the HA reserved management interface feature. HA links and synchronises two or more devices. Copyright 2022 Fortinet, Inc. All Rights Reserved. However, sometimes heartbeat packets may not be sent because a cluster unit is very busy. If the primary unit fails, the new primary unit can maintain most active communication sessions. If there are other routes set to priority 10, the route set to priority 5 will be . port3: physical/10000full, up, rx-bytes/packets/dropped/errors=2232258636/6463321/0/0, tx=3266257061/8035173/0/0 12-10-2019 Enable or disable FGSP session synchronization between FGCP clusters. Port monitoring (also called interface monitoring) monitors FortiGate interfaces to verify that the monitored If the primary unit needs to acquire a very large number of routes, or if for other reasons there is a delay in acquiring all routes, the primary unit may not be able to maintain all communication sessions. Syntax execute ha set-priority Set HA priority. But since the age difference of the cluster units is most likely less than 300 seconds, age is not used to affect primary unit selection and the cluster may select a new primary unit. Device Group is used in HA to assign two or more devices to be part of the same HA Group. Snapdragon vs Exynos: Which one is better? config router static edit 1. set device port1. FortiOS CLI reference. interface. Enable this option for FortiOS Carrier FGCP clusters or FGSP peers to distribute the processing of HA synchronization packets to multiple CPUs. l HA override l HA device priority l The virtual cluster priority l The FortiGate unit host name l The HA priority setting for a ping server (or dead gateway detection) configuration l The system interface settings of the HA reserved management interface l . Maximum length: 79 4. show wanopt storage, IPSec VPN Configuration: Fortigate Firewall, I am here to share my knowledge and experience in the field of networking with the goal being - "The more you share, the more you learn.". This limit only applies to FortiGate units with more than 8 physical interfaces. Enable or disable HA heartbeat message encryption using AES-128 for encryption and SHA1 for authentication. The HA group name, same for all members. The number of consecutive heartbeat packets that are not received from another cluster unit before assuming that the cluster unit has failed. If the remote link is restored the cluster continues to operate normally. Use a space to separate each interface name. Managing firmware with the FortiGate BIOS, endpoint-control forticlient-registration-sync, firewall {interface-policy | interface-policy6}, firewall {local-in-policy | local-in-policy6}, firewall {multicast-address | multicast-address6}, firewall {multicast-policy | multicast-policy6}, log {azure-security-center | azure-security-center2} filter, log {azure-security-center | azure-security-center2} setting, log {fortianalyzer | fortianalyzer-cloud} override-filter, log {fortianalyzer | fortianalyzer2 | fortianalyzer3 | fortianalyzer-cloud} filter, log {fortianalyzer | fortianalyzer2 | fortianalyzer3 | fortianalyzer-cloud} setting, log {syslogd | syslogd2 | syslogd3 | syslogd4} filter, log {syslogd | syslogd2 | syslogd3 | syslogd4} setting, switch-controller security-policy captive-portal, system {ips-urlfilter-dns | ips-urlfilter-dns6}, system replacemsg device-detection-portal, vpn ipsec {manualkey-interface | manualkey}, webfilter {ips-urlfilter-setting | ips-urlfilter-setting6}, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-3gpp-cellular, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-ip-address-type, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-nai-realm, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-network-auth-type, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-roaming-consortium, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-venue-name, wireless-controller hotspot20 h2qp-conn-capability, wireless-controller hotspot20 h2qp-operator-name, wireless-controller hotspot20 h2qp-osu-provider, wireless-controller hotspot20 h2qp-wan-metric, log {fortianalyzer | fortianalyzer-cloud} test-connectivity. In a remote IP monitoring configuration, if you also want the same cluster unit to always be the primary unit you can set its device priority higher and enable override. Time to wait before re-synchronizing the multicast routes to the kernel after anHAfailover. Enable or disable session synchronization between FGCP clusters. If for some reason all cluster units cannot find each other during the hello state then some cluster units may be joining the cluster after it has formed. Once a routing table update is sent, the primary unit waits the route-hold time before sending the next update. Master: FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14, operating cluster index = 0 Gratuitous ARP packets are sent when a cluster unit becomes a primary unit (this can occur when the cluster is starting up or after a failover). The range is 1 to 65535 seconds. Enable or disable port monitoring for link failure. Default is 8891. HA heartbeat packets consume more bandwidth if the heartbeat interval is short. The device priority of the cluster unit. The overall behavior is that when the remote link is restored the cluster automatically returns to normal operation after the flip timeout. When a burst of routing table updates occurs, there is a potential that the primary unit could flood the subordinate units with routing table updates. If it's 6.4.x or later and you want to fail them over . 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