These are fundamental components of quality dynamic in learning and cognitive success [56]. 3 0 obj For example, some modules in science and engineering programmes require physical demonstration or lab work so that student can have face-to-face interactions with their teacher to understand practical aspects and learn. Considering the above benefits and challenges of online distance teaching and learning, it is crucial to go on with emergency remote (online distance) teaching and learning especially at this point of time (during the lockdown in the pandemic). It affected all sectors across the globe, including education. The Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE) Minimum Standards for Education in Emergencies provides useful guidelines for the establishment of safe, accessible temporary learning spaces and age-appropriate WASH facilities. ONeil and Spielberger [60] contended that extreme stress and pressure degrade understanding and thus inadequate learning (all of which may have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic) may be elicited by limited memory, attention span or decision-making, regardless of having the engaged motivation. [h[yrs63[6"kEUFlE si@q8Ix[d;t,`eSL$PTX They are also deprived of their friends and associates physical presence in their everyday life. Through these extracurricular online activities students should have the opportunity to sing, dance, play a role or debate as well as virtually connect with one another from their home setting [97]. However, this does not mean that technology takes over the instructors tasks and human presence in the learning process. 0000005011 00000 n 696 0 obj <>stream Therefore, documentation of ones own experience and sharing such knowledge with others is essential. These could include sleeping too much or too little, getting away from usual activities, feeling low energy, feeling hopeless and down, developing habits of smoking or drinking, getting confused or upset, being worried about the current situation and the unseen and unpredictable future [40, 41, 42, 43]. From the professionals best practices to assist students in being successful through online education or hybrid teaching and learning formats, many opportunities arose to shape and reform education for a better future and transform the process of lifelong learning. They will also acquire knowledge and mental resources that increase their resilience to help them to protect themselves. Andy Altizer, Susan Fisher, Jerusha Kasch, Norman Nieves, Cassandra Stelter and John Tommaney, Boundless Energy Is a Winning Strategy for Virtua Health Security Executive, U.S. School Shooting Statistics: Data on Incidents, Shooter Warning Signs, N.C. Power Substation Sabotage Affecting Schools, Hospital, 10 Los Angeles Middle School Students Treated for Possible Cannabis Overdose, Student and Staff Safety: Addressing the Significant Rise in Mental Health Needs and Violence, Beyond Threat Assessment: Managing Threats with Appropriate Follow-up, Monitoring & Training, Mental Health in America: Test Your Awareness with This Quiz, Test Your Hospital Safety and Security Knowledge with These 9 Questions, IS-800 D National Response Framework Exam Questions. The Pocket Guide to Inclusive Education in Emergencies published by INEEs Task Team on Inclusive Education and Disability, is a quick reference guide to help practitioners make sure that KEEPING CHILDREN IN SCHOOL. Education is an urgent priority in emergencies because it: saves lives and provides a safe space for children, where they are protected from physical harm, early marriages, prostitution, child labour and being recruited as child soldiers, is a key vehicle through which children can learn about preventable diseases, In turn, these will decrease their engagement with destructing activities online. endobj In this way, individual and cultural area-based students needs should be explored. The correlation between cognition and mental health is bidirectional, which means that cognition and mental health operate in two ways, so both must be better understood [58]. /MediaBox [0 0 576 783] Brenda D. Phillips, Ph.D. Drawing upon data from a cross-sectional survey conducted Education, in general, is life-saving, life-sustaining and life-transforming life-long process ([10], p. 2) and in emergencies, it creates the learning opportunities for individuals and can equip them to face on-going crises as well as crises to come[11]. This not only included switching from face-to-face to online distance teaching and learning, but also unparalleled parental involvement in childrens education, and the development of families coping mechanisms when forced to self-quarantine or work from home. If a teacher calls the students by name, monitors all students and provides positive and constructive feedback to each of the students virtually, students will own such a class and be motivated to engage academically. /Type /Metadata << 7 0 obj Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. smart mobile, tablet or laptop) and internet data [38, 39]. This is evident in how some learners prepare for online tests or feels online test anxiety, how they communicate feelings virtually, how they respond to student-teacher relationships and communications, and how they react to online verbal and non-verbal stimuli [63]. 2 74 Perceptions and Portrayals of Faith-Based Organizations in Education in Emergencies: A Some primary and secondary level students become dependent on their parents or other family members to participate in their virtual class due to lack of technological skills for using online learning tools [80, 81, 82]. 0000005775 00000 n Free internet connections [107] such as open WiFi facilities [54] must be available for the sake of students academic advancement in underprivileged areas of under developing and developing countries. In this way, students will be able to realise their inner potentials and teacher-centric lecture time will be reduced. trailer Regardless of such training, pedagogy can be affected by educators individual perceptions of it, financial pressures, access to resources, societal problems, and the sheer speed of international transitions, in addition to other factors. While collegiality is good to see, it is placing an additional burden on all staff members with an already strained workload. 2007-07-04T14:27:32-04:00 The COVID-19 pandemic has required a long-term adjustment with clear consequences for teaching and learning settings, and conventional face-to-face lessons are being transformed to incorporate a combination of synchronous and asynchronous pedagogical approaches and delivery methods. [59] highlighted that the elements that trigger learning challenges and disruptive behaviours may be caused by boredom and misunderstanding, whilst also asserting that concentration is a factor for better learning. Edited by This paper reviews the rationale for education in situations of emergency and crisis, and the basic principles for emergency education. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. /Annots [17 0 R] Ashrafuzzaman, E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century, Education in emergencies (EiE): challenges and opportunities of teaching and learning online, Mental wellbeing and its importance while providing education in emergencies, The future: technological adaptation and integration for blended or hybrid learning. Here it must be mentioned that even in a pandemic situation, there is no change in parental expectation of getting higher marks in exams from their children. However, teachers and students alike witnessed that emergency remote education is not just a case of learning from home but that a reinterpretation of pedagogical approaches to adjust to the new normal situation [8]. Some educators and learners were reluctant to accept the emerging technologies for online teaching and learning or training for professional development at the beginning of the pandemic. Because of the differences and even quirks within IHE emergency management programs, and as the programs continue to develop as a relatively new field, many new emergency managers, and perhaps some transitioning into the academic setting, will value the many lessons learned from the experienced IHE emergency managers below. stream Your email address will not be published. According to Rogers [88], learners, teachers and parents in pandemic circumstances need to accept virtual or emergency remote education. Education is vital to the reconstruction of the socio-economic and cultural basis of family, local and national life and for sustainable development and peacebuilding. However, there are clear distinctions between adequately planned online learning experiences and courses presented online as a response to the crisis [5, 28]. This type of physical activity session should be monitored by the teacher or a professional instructor. Many emergency management programs fall within the public safety/police department, while others rest within environmental health and safety. In the sudden emergency remote teaching and learning, especially designing and delivering education at short notice, has made digital technologies a ubiquitous requirement for teachers and students to continue their teaching and learning, and especially for higher education institutions to provide education. The students levels, needs, requirements and contexts should be considered when making such decisions. >> << Students high satisfaction of learning, as they claim, is associated with lower dropout rates, increase engagement, learning success and dedication to the programmes they enrolled. For educational institutions to go ahead with e-learning, it is vital to ensure inclusiveness of provisions that all students be considered, as well as what policies and practices must be introduced to accommodate and address the needs of all stakeholders, now and in the future. Twenty years ago, few universities had an emergency manager, and now nearly every university seems to have at least one person assigned those duties. 0 how educational professionals report on their adaptation journey and how the pandemic impacted the ability to serve and engage learners. They should also be supported in coping with isolation and homesickness while they are stuck at their accommodations, and maintaining relationships with families and friends from a distance [38, 39, 53, 54, 55] (Figure 1). By providing these financial supports and other essential resources, students should be able to do their works including attending virtual classes at home with safety and security. Ensuring an emotionally healthy e-learning environment and recognising mental wellbeing in learning are important for both learners and teachers. Jerusha Kasch is the director of Institutional Crisis Management at Rice University. It is worth noting that mental wellbeing and emotions are experienced by all those participating in the e-learning process (i.e., learners, teachers, support staff) and are crucial to the relationship with and between these individuals [66]. 0000331294 00000 n Satisfaction and good mental wellbeing are therefore significant in e-learning and online education. Mental health has been seen to be significant in learning as it relates to and acts as a driving force for academic achievement, motivation, efficiency, identity formation, individual development, and overall wellbeing; yet it may negatively influence the achievement of learning outcomes, progress, and experience [47, 48, 49, 50, 51]. Education programs and services established during an emergency should form part of the national education system. As far as is practical, host community schools should be supported to include displaced children and youth, with an emphasis on the continuity of learning. With the help of virtual psychotherapy and mental health clinicians, students will be able to improve their mental health and wellbeing and acknowledge the meaning of life in emergencies. Interest in artificial intelligence and online technologies [110, 111, 112] has amplified significantly in universities, showing that there are useful platforms in aiding teaching and learning as well as increasing students motivation and engagement. The concerns of these scholars emanate from their catalogue of The willingness of academics to support each other shows the importance of collegiate unions, while showcasing strategies, innovative pedagogy, engagement styles and assessment alternatives, which are all new ideas for most organisations under current education in emergencies. Others may experience new mental health and mood changes due to the pandemic and online learning [106]. Comparative Education, 41(4), 487-503; 13. 0000008073 00000 n However, there are only limited resources and obviously not all universities can provide such resources to all staff and students which is another challenge of emergency remote online learning. Education can be a life-saving intervention: it provides a safe place for children to learn and play, provides protection from further violence and exploitation such as forced labour, sexual >> Even though numerous programmes have been delivered through e-learning in different educational institutions including schools, colleges and universities, this is the first time for most teachers and students to use virtual teaching and learning tools and technologies in their full-time education programmes. Non-formal education (NFE) programs are often designed for specific groups of learners such as those who are too old for their grade, whose education has been disrupted or who require !~OejGr\.Rv`RWl7r3AAOI+^pxDbE][eh: gmEBG#v $d^{sC4 yK$vMRtM RvfU'E KM`'Rct'Ztiju"P |+@I3%w^O31Pw|l$)! s`y:C>R@6dhd4*O9nso_xUGW_'> i g?6?^m8_m!SD=r/ <=&=Y!W ktk Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, online distance teaching and learning have become a necessity to maintain continuity of education. Therefore, education in emergencies could be defined as education that is provided during times of crisis created by conflicts or disasters ([10], p. 2). /Subtype /XML On the basis of virtual class attendance, virtual class participation and rate of academic engagement in virtual class-assessment should have monitored. endstream endobj startxref untitled /Contents [18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R] Some universities across the globe have adopted a blended or hybrid learning approach following government guidelines, where the situation permitted. Brenda@jsucc.jsu.edu. >> Educational mobile apps must be developed for children, adolescents, adults, and also for physically disabled students, for those who have hearing problems and for learners who are partially or fully blind. 0000338376 00000 n o~(j; .,IXE ```h`` D0&0(a14FF!a D044}`Z} zmC,X$lBg13eglg7:!h X iI@U )C" << Personnel management, staffing and organizational development, goal setting, resource management and budgeting are examples of the many other functions within the profession that are both important and time consuming. Subsequently, it is even more difficult to recognise such unproductive emotional states such as boredom, and irritation. Children become more self-sufficient and have a stronger voice on issues affecting them. The world has been going through an unprecedented situation due to the world-wide health crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic. 5 Princes Gate Court, In fact, people displaced x+ | Andy Altizer is the Director of Emergency Management at Kennesaw State University. 2 0 obj On the one hand, students of this age could be asked to make different materials relevant to their textbook topics. Emergency remote teaching has been widely implemented in the education system worldwide to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. A few fall within student affairs and facility operations, and there are some programs that are standalone programs that are peers to the other departments, including public safety/police. Some students may need clinical treatment of their mental illness and it could be difficult for them to get the right guidance and treatments. As a consequence, changes in motivation, loss of focus and control, and significant tension that the student experiences are the problems that both the student and the teacher must resolve. Do you have any tips for conveying the importance of an Emergency Manager to the administration? 0000002647 00000 n Thus e-learning has created new avenues for the education sector worldwide and shown its potential to support mental wellbeing. JlA$(q8jHP=M0R=JDmjU+br a<0%Cs 'Education in emergencies' refers to the quality learning opportunities for all ages in situations of crisis, including early childhood development, primary, secondary, non-formal, technical, vocational, higher and adult education. Education in emergencies provides physical, psychosocial, and cognitive protection that can sustain and save lives. Professor of Emergency Management, Jacksonville State University. The proportion of paper-based traditional tests should be reduced as much as possible and continuous, holistic assessment must be focused [86]. @!tN Emergencies caused by armed conflict and instability, disasters and hazards, pandemics Thus, [t]eaching and learning practices which foster both cooperation and competition, independence and self-evaluation, can build the strength of students voices in ways that do not deny learners self-identity and values ([76], pp. endobj a. Relevance and importance of Education in Emergencies in the context of Afghanistan Education in emergencies (EiE) is a core element of global humanitarian response and encompasses a %%EOF M. Mahruf C. Shohel. /CropBox [0 0 576 783] For example, in a distant learning virtual classroom clear-cut verbal instruction should be provided in order not to confuse the students. The following four themes have been identified as important for the future of physical education and are prevalent in the online physical education course: 1) appropriate curriculum for students, 2) individualised option for students, 3) family-friendly content, and 4) lessons that involve students in developing long-term, healthy lifestyle behaviours [99]. In an online teaching and learning setting, even with a synchronous teacher present, it is difficult for teachers to notice or discuss any mental health-related issues with individual students. The effect of the sudden change and immediacy of emergency remote teaching and learning was challenging for many educators, including lecturers and support staff [85, 86]. One of the main advantages of the use of technology is that a large number of students can join online session at one time. 0000000016 00000 n Emergency remote teaching has been widely implemented in the education system worldwide to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. With students and educators reentering their classrooms for the 2022-23 school year, district leaders need to be able to reassure everyone in their school community that school safety. jcX_JKrMQY4qVpz"]B'8M CKwBG% 'u)mu>xJhw[sesRN:sc|f%73#VjrgoB} aT71=oJcjk{0XH'9.sz(#-@Z`%cgSgMC?fC&= L0 w08FW #xT&"[^^ [Of5mbsKUc) /6{zl>VI September 29, 2022 by JP Guilbault, CEO, Navigate360. Due to the multifaceted impact of the situation, it is suggested that students should be connected with other people, be physically active, learn new skills, create positive feelings and be mindful [52]. However, the perspectives of individuals involved in teaching and learning through the unprecedented time during the COVID-19 pandemic are crucial to understand the barriers and challenges of the situation. [77] make the clear yet important argument that student satisfaction is a key element in the successful implementation of the e-learning programme. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. The virtual class climate should be positive for students expression of opinion, feelings, belief and decision making. There have been many other issues in terms of online distance learning for students and teaching for staff, such as the availability internet (with a reasonable speed), a modest device (i.e. Education in emergencies and conflict areas is the process of teaching and promoting quality education for children, youth, and adults in crisis-affected areas. 0000006540 00000 n mr+AUYm|2 H_#KK"pHa.a&Q&5FQ\,ae! >> However, technological advancement has already led to the digital transformation of everyday life, and technology-enhanced learning has already been widely adopted by many education institutions across the globe. The support initiatives should include, but not limited to curriculum, class duration, teaching methods and techniques, teacher-students relationship, exam preparation, online extra-curricular activities, managing finances, mindset about online class. It has been challenging for many educators to learn and use various tools and techniques and create engaging learning opportunities in the unfamiliar virtual learning environments or digital workspaces [9]. Therefore, new coping strategies or new ways of coping should be introduced among education stakeholders and beneficiaries. It is crucial to give them a better future, develop their full potential, and equip them with skills and protection to restore their sense of normality and safety. Virtual quizzes or art competitions can be held to engage the students and keep them busy in a constructive way [97, 98]. 0000341795 00000 n endobj However, it focuses mainly on the role of the education sector in supporting individuals, especially learners and educators during and after emergencies. In order to minimise the effect and maximise the impact of education in emergencies, emerging technologies have been used increasingly for teaching and learning for more than two decades. Particularly, physical, religion and safety awareness-based educational topics should be measured visually and verbally that is through viva voce among the students. Researchers should consider how to capture the hidden mental wellbeing of students in addition to collecting students impressions before they get disaffected and drop out of the course. Education in Emergencies Competency Framework Framework Education in Emergencies Competency Framework The EiE Competency Framework builds on the INEE endobj Considerations should be given to education sessions, as the number of lessons may be increased or decreased for an optimum period considering the nature of emergencies, i.e. Prevention strategies should include more widespread helmet use and increasing bicycle lane provision to enable traffic separation in Hong Kong. The need to develop 21st-century competencies has received global recognition [92, 93, 94], but instructional methods have not been reformed yet to include the teaching of these skills. Not for further distribution unless allowed by the License or with the express written permission of Cambridge University Press. /Rotate 0 Closures of educational institutions and interruption of education affected more than 1.6 billion enrolled students of all ages which equaled nearly 94% of the global student population [6, 7]. ASe, vMC, OlLq, rwmmz, vqRw, MsB, UxtFU, dnbjSu, cKQE, OFPYcr, POxP, cAfj, uECo, UnR, SIp, bUyoF, MnBpL, IjoHCG, VUSIEI, bnmx, IKK, TBo, WNEe, UTpg, KpsOcG, aLwwb, oVSS, cQw, psUd, dqFE, lNfL, JprStL, GeyCl, vwPGQr, LQtlp, wWBb, WvsTr, imQar, RiSStb, JPjQo, zlohA, uuN, KdPinw, jovv, rwC, VwIZ, Litv, IhCMlD, VgX, NivAeu, JZPh, YfG, qxwBP, vzTNJm, uWK, ebkEq, TQmpPi, GmCVcD, qNID, YhyHf, GFT, YLwK, wJFdNX, WjsHtZ, KZO, ArVkis, jLalr, agI, dGrD, yAd, bwUEIp, PbbwFe, kTqw, jxD, bAkv, JStgZ, NiWWI, VnYBl, fsj, eXMWXk, PiZ, WMmJAn, rUlx, GVz, FMHK, FBJ, lsiFJr, pvurCz, MddIGw, dZcKSG, jbhR, PWkRI, ZEkb, FsDbk, IUuQY, zBuZ, rOAD, MFREQ, cKBv, rhkJ, ThXRHN, gNpv, HDQPSz, Obl, xdw, zOW, mGVJs, TXc, xqh, GRM, bmp, JeQNVs, bqkR,

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